在Ubuntu 16.04(LTS) 下安装docker

Ø Ubuntu操作系统为64位   

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# uname –r             // 查看ubuntu kernel version是否高于3.10

4.4.0-36-generic

Ø 更新包信息，确保恰当的使用HTTP的方法，和CA证书安装

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-get update

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-get  install  apt-transport-https   ca-certificates

Ø 添加GPG key  注意有时网络加载不成功，可以再次加载一次

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-key adv --keyserverhkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D

Ø 添加源并新增entries

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

添加deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial main并保存退出

Ø 更新APT包，并删除老的repo

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-get update

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-get purge lxc-docker         //第一次安装就跳过

Ø 检测APT是否下载适配的 repository

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-cache policy docker-engine

docker-engine:

  Installed:1.12.1-0~xenial

  Candidate:1.12.1-0~xenial

  Version table:

 *** 1.12.1-0~xenial500

        500https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages

        100/var/lib/dpkg/status

     1.12.0-0~xenial500

        500https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages

     1.11.2-0~xenial500

        500https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages

     1.11.1-0~xenial500

        500https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages

     1.11.0-0~xenial500

        500https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages

Ø 下载好repo再更新一下

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-get upgrade

Ø 安装docker

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# apt-get install docker-engine

Ø 开启docker

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# service docker start

Ø 运行hello-world  image

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# docker run hello-world

 

Hello from Docker!

This message shows that your installation appears to beworking correctly.

 

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

 1. The Docker clientcontacted the Docker daemon.

 2. The Docker daemonpulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.

 3. The Docker daemoncreated a new container from that image which runs the

    executable thatproduces the output you are currently reading.

 4. The Docker daemonstreamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it

    to your terminal.

安装成功！

 

ps：网络不需要代理的可以测试成功，但是一般公司网络有代理，会出现代理配置问题

一切安装完毕后，开始运行hello-world镜像测试也不成功

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# docker run hello-world       //运行image测试

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally

Pulling repository docker.io/library/hello-world

docker: Network timed out while trying to connect tohttps://index.docker.io/v1/repositories/library/hello-world/images. You maywant to check your internet connection or if you are behind a proxy..

See 'docker run --help'.

现在显示image运行不成功，首先查看原因

使用curl 查看状态:

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# curl -v https://index.docker.io/v1/repositories/library/hello-world/images

*  Trying 10.240.252.20...

* Connected to proxy-prc.web.com port 80 (#0)     //说明docker http设置成功

* Establish HTTP proxy tunnel toindex.docker.io:443

> CONNECT index.docker.io:443 HTTP/1.1

> Host: index.docker.io:443

> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0

> Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive

> 

< HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established

< 

* Proxy replied OK to CONNECT request

* found 173 certificates in/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt

...

既然HTTP设置成功了，docker repository 也能下载image，只是docker无法识别本机的http，下载的Image没法在本机上显示，所以问题在于docker环境变量。(此时也可以使用wget命令获得image，只是在本机上不显示，但实际上debug下载下来了。)

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# wget hello-world

--2016-09-07 10:42:58--  http://hello-world/

Resolving proxy-prc.intel.com(proxy-prc.intel.com)... 10.240.252.16

Connecting to proxy-prc.intel.com(proxy-prc.intel.com)|10.240.252.16|:911... connected.

Proxy request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 163 [text/html]

Saving to: ‘index.html’

 

index.html          100%[===================>]     163 --.-KB/s    in 0s

 

2016-09-07 10:42:59 (27.0 MB/s) - ‘index.html’saved [163/163]

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

现在开始解决环境变量问题：

先查看 /etc/default/docker 文件，发现没有问题

已经为ubuntu设置了http_proxy了。

查了试了半天，才知道还需要给docker单独设代理：

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# vim/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf

添加http_proxy变量进去  

[service]              //必须要有，这是systemd格式

Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/"

root@ubuntu-daisy:~#systemctl daemon-reload

root@ubuntu-daisy:~#systemctl show docker --property Environment

Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/"

root@ubuntu-daisy:~#service docker start

root@ubuntu-daisy:~# dockerrun hello-world

Unable to find image'hello-world:latest' locally

latest: Pulling fromlibrary/hello-world

c04b14da8d14: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:0256e8a36e2070f7bf2d0b0763dbabdd67798512411de4cdcf9431a1feb60fd9

Status: Downloaded newerimage for hello-world:latest

 

Hello from Docker!

This message shows thatyour installation appears to be working correctly.

 

To generate this message,Docker took the following steps:

 1. The Docker client contacted the Dockerdaemon.

 2. The Docker daemon pulled the"hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.

 3. The Docker daemon created a new containerfrom that image which runs the

    executable that produces the output you arecurrently reading.

 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output tothe Docker client, which sent it

    to your terminal.

运行成功！