【QT】Qt QML动画概述

QML提供了丰富的动画元素，说起动画，无非是给UI增光添彩罢了。在QML中，动画常常与State和Transition联系在一起，这几个概念（下面的例子中都用到了）都比较简单，相关介绍可查看Qt官方文档，网址如下：

http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtquick-statesanimations-topic.html

下面先列举几个QML动画元素，动画效果可“忘文生意”：

PropertyAnimation（常用）

AnchorAnimation

ColorAnimation

NumberAnimation

ParentAnimation

PathAnimation

RotationAnimation

Vector3dAnimation

SequentialAnimation

ParalleAnimation

PauseAnimation

SmoothedAnimation

SpringAnimation

PropertyAction（无动画效果）

ScriptAction

Behavior（设置默认动画）

常见的QML动画有三种表示方式，下面一一说明。

1、使用State和Transition

State改变属性值，Transition实现动画，例子如下：

import QtQuick 2.2

Item {
    id: container
    width: 360
    height: 360

    Rectangle {
        id: rect
        width: 100
        height: 100
        color: "blue"

        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            // state属性值为空字符串时（''）即默认状态
            onClicked: container.state == 'right' ? container.state = '' : container.state = 'right'
        }
    }

    states: State {
        name: "right"
        // rect水平移动
        PropertyChanges {
            target: rect
            x: 260
        }
    }

    transitions: Transition {
        // 数字（x坐标）动画，设置了easing的回弹效果和动画时间
        NumberAnimation {
            property: "x"
            easing.type: Easing.InOutBounce
            duration: 500
        }
    }
}

2、使用Behavior

直接修改上面的例子，实现同样的动画效果，结果如下：

import QtQuick 2.2

Item {
    id: container
    width: 360
    height: 360

    Rectangle {
        id: rect
        width: 100
        height: 100
        color: "blue"

        // 看这里
        Behavior on x {
            NumberAnimation {
                easing.type: Easing.InOutBounce
                duration: 500
            }
        }

        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            // 改变rect的x坐标
            onClicked: rect.x = (rect.x == 0 ? 260 : 0)
        }
    }
}

3、其它

还是在上面例子的基础上修改以实现同样的效果，代码如下：

import QtQuick 2.2

Item {
    id: container
    width: 360
    height: 360

    Rectangle {
        id: rect
        width: 100
        height: 100
        color: "blue"

        // rect水平右移
        NumberAnimation on x {
            id: right
            running: false // false
            to: 260
            easing.type: Easing.InOutBounce
            duration: 500
        }
        // rect水平左移
        NumberAnimation on x {
            id: left
            running: false // false
            to: 0
            easing.type: Easing.OutInBounce // 换个easing动画效果
            duration: 500
        }

        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            // 判断移动方向
            onClicked: rect.x == 0 ? right.running = true : left.running = true
        }
    }
}

下面再来看一个有意思的例子，parallel和sequential动画：

import QtQuick 2.2

Item {
    id: container
    width: 360
    height: 360

    Rectangle {
        id: up
        width: 100
        height: 100
        color: "blue"

        // 并行动画，水平移动和颜色变化同时进行
        ParallelAnimation {
            id: parallel
            running: false

            PropertyAnimation {
                target: up
                property: "x"
                to: 260
                duration: 500
            }
            PropertyAnimation {
                target: up
                property: "color"
                to: "red"
                duration: 500
            }
        }

        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            onClicked: parallel.running = true
        }
    }

    Rectangle {
        id: down
        width: 100
        height: 100
        color: "red"
        anchors.top: up.bottom

        // 串行动画，先进行水平移动，后进行颜色变化
        SequentialAnimation {
            id: sequential
            running: false

            PropertyAnimation {
                target: down
                property: "x"
                to: 260
                duration: 500
            }
            PropertyAnimation {
                target: down
                property: "color"
                to: "blue"
                duration: 500
            }
        }
        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            onClicked: sequential.running = true
        }
    }
}

关于QML动画，Qt官网文档也做了详细的介绍：

http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtquick-usecase-animations.html

http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtquick-statesanimations-animations.html