#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
using namespace std;
/*
integral_constant就可方便地定义编译期常量,而无需再通过enum和static const变量方式,这也为定义编译期常量提供另一种方法。
integral_constant类 是所有traits类的基类,分别提供了以下功能:
value_type 表示值的类型
value表示值
type 表示自己, 因此可以用::type::value来获取值
true_type和false_type两个特化类用来表示bool值类型的traits,很多traits类都需要继承它们
template<class _Ty, _Ty _Val>
struct integral_constant
{
// convenient template for integral constant types
static _CONST_DATA _Ty value = _Val;
typedef _Ty value_type;
typedef integral_constant<_Ty, _Val> type;
_CONST_FUN operator value_type() const _NOEXCEPT
{
return (value);// return stored value
}
_CONST_FUN value_type operator()() const _NOEXCEPT
{
return (value);// return stored value
}
};
typedef integral_constant<bool, true> true_type;
typedef integral_constant<bool, false> false_type;
// ALIAS TEMPLATE bool_constant
template<bool _Val>
using bool_constant = integral_constant<bool, _Val>;
*/
template <unsigned n>
struct factorial : integral_constant<int , n * factorial<n - 1>::value>
{
};
template <>//特化
struct factorial<0> : integral_constant<int, 1>
{
};
int main()
{
typedef integral_constant<int, 111> IC;
cout << "value " << IC::value << endl;
cout << "value_type " << typeid(IC::value_type).name() << endl;
cout << "type " << typeid(IC::type).name() << endl;
IC ic;
int c1 = ic; //调用的operator value_type()
cout << c1 << endl;
int c2 = ic();//调用的 operator()()
cout << c1 << endl;
cout << integral_constant<char, 'a'>::value <<endl;
/*
非型别模版参数必须是整型或者和整型兼容的, double和float不行
cout << integral_constant<double, 12.23>::value << endl;
cout << integral_constant<float, 12.23f>::value << endl;
*/
cout << true_type::value << endl;
cout << bool_constant <false>::value << endl;
cout << factorial<5>::value<<endl; // constexpr (no calculations on runtime)
}
Created By 黄强