Python 基础（二）-Python列表

访问列表元素

    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    print(bicycles[0])

    输出结果：trek

    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    print(bicycles[-1])

    输出结果：specialized

• 通过元素索引即可访问列表数据
• 索引从0开始，-1表示最后一个元素，-2表示倒数第二个元素，以此类推

使用列表中的各个值

    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    message = "My first bicycles was a " + bicycles[0].title() + "."
    print(message)

    输出结果：My first bicycles was a Trek .

• 字符串拼接通过 + 号连接
• title() 函数可以将字符串首字母变大写

修改列表元素

    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    # 修改第一个元素为 fenghuangpai
    bicycles[0] = 'fenghuangpai'
    print(bicycles)

    输出结果：['fenghuangpai','cannondale','redline','specialized']

• #是注释的开始
• 通过索引找到元素，然后赋新的值给该索引对应的元素即可修改

添加列表元素

    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    # 在列表末尾添加 fenghuangpai 元素
    bicycles.append('fenghuangpai') 
    print(bicycles)

    输出结果：['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized','fenghuangpai']

    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    # 在列表中添加 fenghuangpai 元素
    bicycles.insert(1，'fenghuangpai') 
    print(bicycles)

    输出结果：['trek','fenghuangpai','cannondale','redline','specialized']

• append() 函数在列表末尾添加元素
• insert() 函数可以通过索引去指定位置添加元素，注意数组越界

删除列表元素

    # 使用 del 语句删除元素
    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    del bicycles[0]
    print(bicycles)

    输出结果：['cannondale','redline','specialized']

    # 使用pop()删除元素
    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    poped_bicycles = bicycles.pop()
    print(poped_bicycles)

    输出结果：['trek','cannondale','redline']

    # 弹出列表中任意位置的元素
    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    poped_bicycles = bicycles.pop(1)
    print(poped_bicycles)

    输出结果：['trek','redline','specialized']

    # 根据值删除元素
    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    poped_bicycles = bicycles.remove('redline')
    print(poped_bicycles)

    输出结果：['trek','cannondale','specialized']

pop() 和 del 的区别
如果要从列表中删除一个元素且不再以任何方式使用它，就用del语句，如果你在删除元素后还要继续使用它，就使用pop()

列表排序

    # 字母正序
    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    bicycles.sort()
    print(bicycles)

    输出结果：['cannondale','redline',specialized','trek']

    # 字母反序
    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    bicycles.sort(reverse=True)
    print(bicycles)

    输出结果：['trek','specialized','redline','cannondale']

    # 倒着打印
    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    bicycles.reverse()
    print(bicycles)

    输出结果：['specialized','redline','cannondale','trek']

获取列表长度

    bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
    len(bicycles)

    输出结果：4