ModelDriven的原理

所谓ModelDriven，意思是直接把实体类当成页面数据的收集对象。比如，有实体类User如下：

 

package cn.com.leadfar.struts2.actions;
 
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private int age;
    private String address;
    public String getUsername() {
       return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
       this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
       return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
       this.password = password;
    }
    public int getAge() {
       return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
       this.age = age;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
       return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
       this.address = address;
    }
    public int getId() {
       return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
       this.id = id;
    }
}

假如要写一个Action，用来添加User。

第一种做法是直接在Action中定义所有需要的属性，然后在JSP中直接用属性名称来提交数据：

UserAction:

public class UserAction {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private int age;
    private String address;
 
    public String add(){
      
       User user = new User();
       user.setId(id);
       user.setUsername(username);
       user.setPassword(password);
       user.setAge(age);
       user.setAddress(address);
      
       new UserManager().addUser(user);
      
       return "success";
    }
   
    public int getId() {
       return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
       this.id = id;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
       return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
       this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
       return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
       this.password = password;
    }
    public int getAge() {
       return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
       this.age = age;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
       return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
       this.address = address;
    }
   
}

add_input.jsp:

<form action="test/user.action" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="method:add">
        username:<input type="text" name="username"> <br/>
        password:<input type="text" name="password"> <br/>
        age:<input type="text" name="age"> <br/>
        address:<input type="text" name="address"> <br/>
        <input type="submit" name="submit" value="添加用户">
     </form> <br/>

 上述做法不好之处是：如果实体类的属性非常多，那么Action中也要定义相同的属性。

第二种做法是将User对象定义到UserAction中，然后在JSP中通过user属性来给user赋值：

UserAction:

public class UserAction {
   
    private User user;
   
    public String add(){
 
       new UserManager().addUser(user);
      
       return "success";
    }
 
    public User getUser() {
       return user;
    }
 
    public void setUser(User user) {
       this.user = user;
    }
}

add_input.jsp:

    <form action="test/user.action" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="method:add">
        username:<input type="text" name="user.username"> <br/>
        password:<input type="text" name="user.password"> <br/>
        age:<input type="text" name="user.age"> <br/>
        address:<input type="text" name="user.address"> <br/>
        <input type="submit" name="submit" value="添加用户">
     </form> <br/>

 这种做法不好的地方是：JSP页面上表单域中的命名变得太长

第三种做法是利用ModelDriven机制，让UserAction实现一个ModelDriven接口，同时实现接口中的方法：getModel()。如下所示：

public class UserAction implements ModelDriven{
   
    private User user;
   
    @Override
    public Object getModel() {
       if(user == null){
           user = new User();
       }
       return user;
    }
 
    public String add(){
 
       new UserManager().addUser(user);
      
       return "success";
    }
 
    public User getUser() {
       return user;
    }
 
    public void setUser(User user) {
       this.user = user;
    }
}

JSP的代码如下：

     <form action="test/user.action" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="method:add">
        username:<input type="text" name="username"> <br/>
        password:<input type="text" name="password"> <br/>
        age:<input type="text" name="age"> <br/>
        <input type="submit" name="submit" value="添加用户">
     </form> <br/>

可见，第三种做法是比较好的，Action和JSP写起来都比较简单。

ModelDriven背后的机制？

ModelDriven背后的机制就是ValueStack。界面通过：username/age/address这样的名称，就能够被直接赋值给user对象，这证明user对象正是ValueStack中的一个root对象！

 

那么，为什么user对象会在ValueStack中呢？它是什么时候被压入ValueStack的呢？答案是：ModelDrivenInterceptor（关于Interceptor的概念，请参考后续章节的说明）。ModelDrivenInterceptor是缺省的拦截器链的一部分，当一个请求经过ModelDrivenInterceptor的时候，在这个拦截器中，会判断当前要调用的Action对象是否实现了ModelDriven接口，如果实现了这个接口，则调用getModel()方法，并把返回值（本例是返回user对象）压入ValueStack。

请看ModelDrivenInterceptor的代码：

public class ModelDrivenInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {
 
    protected boolean refreshModelBeforeResult = false;
 
    public void setRefreshModelBeforeResult(boolean val) {
        this.refreshModelBeforeResult = val;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
        Object action = invocation.getAction();
 
        if (action instanceof ModelDriven) {
            ModelDriven modelDriven = (ModelDriven) action;
            ValueStack stack = invocation.getStack();
            Object model = modelDriven.getModel();
            if (model !=  null) {
              stack.push(model);
            }
            if (refreshModelBeforeResult) {
                invocation.addPreResultListener(new RefreshModelBeforeResult(modelDriven, model));
            }
        }
        return invocation.invoke();
    }

从ModelDrivenInterceptor中，即可以看到model对象被压入ValueStack中！

ModelDriven背后的机制？