简介:
为什么要用Fragment?使用Fragment可以在一个Activity中实现不同的界面。Fragment与Fragment之间的动画切换,远比Activity与Activity之间的动画切换变化方式多。很多时候,我们通过使用一个Activity,切换多个Fragment。本次博客,主要列举一下Fragment与它的Activity之间进行数据交换的方式。
1.Fragment中通过getActivity()然后进行强制转化,调用Activity中的公有方法
((XXXXActivity)getActivity()).fun();
2.Activity在切换Fragment的时候,通过setArguments向Fragment传递参数,Fragment通过getArguments();获得从activity中传递过来的值
3.Activity实现一个接口,Fragment在onAttach方法中,将该Activity转化为该接口,在需要调用的时候回调。
注意:本Demo是通过FragmentManager来管理Fragment的,通过FragmentManager管理,我们创建Fragment和销毁Fragment的时候,可以通过栈的方式:
a.FragmentTransaction的add方法,添加一个Fragment
b.FragmentTransaction的popBackStack()弹出该Fragment
演示实例:
fragment1.xml
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="#FFFFFFFF"
- android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- tools:context="com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" >
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
- android:text="fragment1" />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_below="@id/tv"
- android:text="跳转到Fragment2" />
- </RelativeLayout>
MyFragment1.java
- /*
- * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $
- * $Date: 2014-5-16 $
- * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
- * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
- */
- package com.example.testfragment;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
- import android.view.LayoutInflater;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import android.widget.Button;
- /*
- *@author: ZhengHaibo
- *web: http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb
- *mail: zhb931706659@126.com
- *2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
- */
- public class MyFragment1 extends Fragment {
- FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null;
- Button btn;
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
- Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container,
- false);
- btn = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn);
- btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- fragmentCallBack.callbackFun1(null);
- }
- });
- return rootView;
- }
- @Override
- public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onAttach(activity);
- fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;
- }
- }
fragment2.xml
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="#FFFFFFFF"
- android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- tools:context="com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" >
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
- android:text="fragment2" />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn1"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_below="@id/tv"
- android:text="直接调用Activity" />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn2"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_below="@id/btn1"
- android:text="回调Activity" />
- </RelativeLayout>
- /*
- * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $
- * $Date: 2014-5-16 $
- * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
- * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
- */
- package com.example.testfragment;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
- import android.view.LayoutInflater;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- /*
- *@author: ZhengHaibo
- *web: http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb
- *mail: zhb931706659@126.com
- *2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
- */
- public class MyFragment2 extends Fragment {
- FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null;
- Button btn1;
- Button btn2;
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
- Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container,
- false);
- Bundle data = getArguments();//获得从activity中传递过来的值
- Toast.makeText(getActivity(), data.getString("TEXT"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- btn1 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn1);
- btn1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // 直接调用Activity中的方法
- ((MainActivity)getActivity()).changeButtonColor();
- }
- });
- btn2 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn2);
- btn2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // 回调的方式
- fragmentCallBack.callbackFun2(null);
- }
- });
- return rootView;
- }
- @Override
- public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onAttach(activity);
- fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;
- }
- }
回调接口:
- /*
- * $filename: FragmentCallBack.java,v $
- * $Date: 2014-5-16 $
- * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
- * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
- */
- package com.example.testfragment;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- /*
- *@author: ZhengHaibo
- *web: http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb
- *mail: zhb931706659@126.com
- *2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
- */
- public interface FragmentCallBack {
- public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg);
- public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg);
- }
main.xml
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" >
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
- android:text="切换" />
- <RelativeLayout
- android:id="@+id/rl_container"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_above="@id/btn" />
- </RelativeLayout>
MainActivity.java
- package com.example.testfragment;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
- import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
- import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
- import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements FragmentCallBack{
- private Button btn;
- private MyFragment1 fragment1;
- private MyFragment2 fragment2;
- private FragmentManager fragmentManager;
- private Fragment currentFragment;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
- FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
- fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
- fragment1 = new MyFragment1();
- Bundle data = new Bundle();
- data.putString("TEXT", "这是Activiy通过Bundle传递过来的值");
- fragment1.setArguments(data);//通过Bundle向Activity中传递值
- fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment1);//将fragment1设置到布局上
- fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
- fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
- currentFragment = fragment1;
- //初始化button控件
- btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
- btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if(currentFragment instanceof MyFragment1){
- switchFragment();
- }else{//当前是fragment2,因此,只需要将fragment2出栈即可变成fragment1
- fragmentManager.popBackStack();
- currentFragment = fragment1;
- }
- }
- });
- }
- /**
- * 切换Fragment
- */
- private void switchFragment(){
- if(null == fragment2){//可以避免切换的时候重复创建
- fragment2 = new MyFragment2();
- }
- Bundle data = new Bundle();
- data.putString("TEXT", "传递给fragment2");
- fragment2.setArguments(data);
- FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
- fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
- fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment2);
- fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
- fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
- currentFragment = fragment2;
- }
- public void changeButtonColor(){
- btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
- }
- @Override
- public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- switchFragment();//通过回调方式切换
- }
- @Override
- public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- changeButtonColor();//通过回调方式调用Activity中的方法
- }
- }
初始画面
切换到第二个Fragment之后,通过Fragment2回调,改变按钮背景后的截图。
注意:
1.直接在Fragment中通过getActivity然后强转Activity的方式调用Activity的方法,这个方式不推荐!因为这会使Fragment的适配性变差。
解决方法:在使用之前,使用instanceof 判断一下Activity的类型
2.FragmentTransaction通过使用setCustomAnimations方法,可以为Fragment的切换增添各种不同的动画。变化方式远比Activity与Activity之间的切换动画要多。
3.多个Fragment之间,可以通过Activity复用很多代码,提高效率。
4.我们还可以通过ViewPager来管理Fragment,通过Adapter添加多个Fragment,然后通过setcurrentitem进行切换。我们同样可以通过setArguments向Fragment传递数据。