【Unix/Linux编程实践】编写时间服务器（使用Socket）

一.服务端

相关系统调用：

socket：获得一个套接字，SOCK_STREAM为tcp，最后一个参数protocol指的是内核中网络代码所使用的协议，0代表选择标准的协议。

bind：将套接字绑定到（地址，端口号）上

listen：开启对套接字的监听，参数sockid为接收请求的socket，参数qsize为允许接入连接的数目

accept：从连接请求队列中获得连接信息，创建新的套接字，并返回该套接字的文件描述符。新创建的套接字用于服务器与客户机的通信，而原来的套接字仍然处于监听状态

read/write：传送数据

close：挂断

代码：

/* timeserv.c - a socket-based time of day server
 */

#include  <stdio.h>
#include  <unistd.h>
#include  <sys/types.h>
#include  <sys/socket.h>
#include  <netinet/in.h>
#include  <netdb.h>
#include  <time.h>
#include  <strings.h>

#define   PORTNUM  13000   /* our time service phone number */
#define   HOSTLEN  256
#define   oops(msg)      { perror(msg) ; exit(1) ; }

int main(int ac, char *av[])
{
    struct  sockaddr_in   saddr;   /* build our address here */
    struct  hostent     *hp;   /* this is part of our    */
    char    hostname[HOSTLEN];     /* address            */
    int sock_id,sock_fd;       /* line id, file desc     */
    FILE    *sock_fp;              /* use socket as stream   */
    char    *ctime();              /* convert secs to string */
    time_t  thetime;               /* the time we report     */

      /*
       * Step 1: ask kernel for a socket
       */

    sock_id = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );    /* get a socket */
    if ( sock_id == -1 ) 
        oops( "socket" );

      /*
       * Step 2: bind address to socket.  Address is host,port
       */

    bzero( (void *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr) ); /* clear out struct     */

    gethostname( hostname, HOSTLEN );       /* where am I ?         */
    hp = gethostbyname( hostname );         /* get info about host  */
                                            /* fill in host part    */
    bcopy( (void *)hp->h_addr, (void *)&saddr.sin_addr, hp->h_length);
    saddr.sin_port = htons(PORTNUM);        /* fill in socket port  */
    saddr.sin_family = AF_INET ;            /* fill in addr family  */

    if ( bind(sock_id, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0 )
           oops( "bind" );

      /*
       * Step 3: allow incoming calls with Qsize=1 on socket
       */

    if ( listen(sock_id, 1) != 0 ) 
        oops( "listen" );

      /*
       * main loop: accept(), write(), close()
       */

    while ( 1 ){
           sock_fd = accept(sock_id, NULL, NULL); /* wait for call */
        printf("Wow! got a call!\n");
           if ( sock_fd == -1 )
               oops( "accept" );       /* error getting calls  */

           sock_fp = fdopen(sock_fd,"w");  /* we'll write to the   */
           if ( sock_fp == NULL )          /* socket as a stream   */
               oops( "fdopen" );       /* unless we can't      */

           thetime = time(NULL);           /* get time             */
                           /* and convert to strng */
           fprintf( sock_fp, "The time here is .." );
           fprintf( sock_fp, "%s", ctime(&thetime) ); 
           fclose( sock_fp );              /* release connection   */
    }
}

我们使用fdopen将文件描述符定向到缓存的数据流，便于使用fprintf调用来进行输出。

二.客户端

相关系统调用：

socket：同上

connect：尝试把sockid标识的socket和由serv_addrp所指向的socket地址相连接，sockid是一个合法的文件描述符，可以用来进行读写操作

read/write：同上

close：同上

代码：

/* timeclnt.c - a client for timeserv.c
 *              usage: timeclnt hostname portnumber
 */
#include       <stdio.h>
#include       <sys/types.h>
#include       <sys/socket.h>
#include       <netinet/in.h>
#include       <netdb.h>

#define        oops(msg)       { perror(msg); exit(1); }

main(int ac, char *av[])
{
    struct sockaddr_in  servadd;        /* the number to call */
    struct hostent      *hp;            /* used to get number */
    int    sock_id, sock_fd;            /* the socket and fd  */
    char   message[BUFSIZ];             /* to receive message */
    int    messlen;                     /* for message length */

     /*
      * Step 1: Get a socket
      */

    sock_id = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );    /* get a line   */
    if ( sock_id == -1 ) 
        oops( "socket" );               /* or fail      */

     /*
      * Step 2: connect to server
      *         need to build address (host,port) of server  first
      */

    bzero( &servadd, sizeof( servadd ) );   /* zero the address     */

    hp = gethostbyname( av[1] );            /* lookup host's ip #   */
    if (hp == NULL) 
        oops(av[1]);                /* or die               */
    bcopy(hp->h_addr, (struct sockaddr *)&servadd.sin_addr, hp->h_length);

    servadd.sin_port = htons(atoi(av[2]));  /* fill in port number  */

    servadd.sin_family = AF_INET ;          /* fill in socket type  */

                               /* now dial     */
    if ( connect(sock_id,(struct sockaddr *)&servadd, sizeof(servadd)) !=0)
           oops( "connect" );

     /*
      * Step 3: transfer data from server, then hangup
      */

    messlen = read(sock_id, message, BUFSIZ);     /* read stuff   */
    if ( messlen == - 1 )
           oops("read") ;
    if ( write( 1, message, messlen ) != messlen )  /* and write to */
           oops( "write" );                        /* stdout       */
    close( sock_id );    
}

三.运行

将两个程序运行在不同的电脑上，客户端就可以得到服务器的时间。

服务器运行：

./timeserv &

客户端运行：

#computer1为服务器的名字
./timeclnt computer1 13000