硬连接（hard link）和软连接（symbolic link）

stat - display file or file system status
struct stat {
    mode_t       st_mode;    /* file type & mode (permissions) */
    ino_t        st_ino;     /* i-node number (serial number) */
    dev_t        st_dev;     /* device number (file system) */
    dev_t        st_rdev;    /* device number for special files */
    nlink_t      st_nlink;    /* number of links */
    uid_t        st_uid;     /* user ID of owner */
    gid_t        st_gid;     /* group ID of owner */
    off_t        st_size;    /* size in bytes, for regular files */
    struct timespec st_atim;    /* time of last access */
    struct timespec st_mtim;    /* time of last modification */
    struct timespec st_ctim;    /* time of last file status change */
    blksize_t     st_blksize;   /* best I/O block size */
    blkcnt_t      st_blocks;   /* number of disk blocks allocated */
};

struct dirent
{
    __ino64_t d_ino;
    __off64_t d_off;
    unsigned short int d_reclen;
    unsigned char d_type;
    char d_name[256];       /* We must not include limits.h! */
};

ln - make links between files
硬连接（hard link）和软连接（symbolic link）。
link, linkat - make a new name for a file
link()  creates a new link (also known as a hard link) to an existing file.
symlink, symlinkat - make a new name for a file
symlink() creates a symbolic link named linkpath which contains the string target.
unlink, unlinkat - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to
This property of unlink is often used by a program to ensure that a temporary file it creates won’t be left around in case the program crashes. 

Hard Links： 为已存在的文件，新建一个指向该文件inode节点的目录项（directory entry），同时增加该inode的连接数。可以让一个文件有多个硬链接，出现在多个目录下。
Hard link一般有两个限制：
1 不能跨文件系统（不同的文件系统有不同的inode table）； 
2 不能连接目录（容易在文件系统中造成循环引用）。
Most implementations require that both path