如何修改Ubuntu的源列表(source list)

简介

Ubuntu缺省的配置的源并不是国内的服务器，下载更新软件都比较慢，本文介绍如何设置源列表，选择比较快的源以节省下载时间。

配置步骤

1. 备份源列表

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

2. 选择合适的源，替换原文件的内容，保存编辑好的文件

以阿里云更新服务器为例（从实际测试上结果分析，个人认为阿里云比网易和搜狐的服务器要快）：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ XXXXX-backports main restricted universe multiverse

根据具体使用的Ubuntu的版本不同，将上述文本中XXXXX替换为下面对应版本的字符串:

Utopic(14.10):      utopic
Trusty(14.04):      trusty
Precise(12.04):   precise
Lucid(10.04):       lucid

3. 刷新列表

sudo apt-get update

更新完毕后，再次安装源时，将从新服务器上下载源包。

备注：
Ubuntu 16.04 TLS版本镜像源：

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse