Oracle Database 11g SQL 开发指南学习笔记：运行store_schema.sql时报错的问题

今天在按照书上的说明，运行这本书的代码store_schema.sql时报错了，主要有2个问题：

1、在插入数据时，报错：无效的月份，后来在晚上查了一下，主要是因为插入语句中的日期中的月份是英文的，比如1月就是JAN，另外，需要日期格式是"日-月-年"，所以在代码中加上了如下的语句：

alter session set nls_date_format='DD-MON-YYYY';

alter session set nls_date_language='american';

 这样就不会再报错了。

2、另外，在本地机器上直接运行代码store_schema.sql时，不会报错，但如果从一台远程的机器上执行这个脚本时，则好报错，本地的机器是oracle 11g 11.2.0 .1，而远程的机器安装的是oracle 10g 10.2.0.1，每次都报：对象每次已存在。

照理在代码中会删除已经最在的用户store的表：

DROP USER store CASCADE;

但还是报这种错误，一会是对象已存在，一会是报主键冲突，说插入了重复数据。

最后发现是由于代码中有一个connect语句：

CONNECT store/store_password;

所以，导致直接连接到了本地的oracle 10g的实例上去了，而上面已经创建了相应的对象，也就是通过使用oracle 10g的sqlplus，连接到远程的oracle 11g，然后删除  oracle 11g的实例上的用于store，再次创建这个用户store、授权等，然后接下去再次连接到store用户，但连接到的是本地的oracle 10g的实例，所以只要把代码修改成下面就可以了：

CONNECT store/store_password@192.168.1.104/orcl;

store_schema.sql的完整代码：

-- This script does the following:
--   1. Creates the store user
--   2. Creates the database tables
--   3. Creates the PL/SQL code
--   4. Populates the database tables with sample data

-- attempt to drop the store user (this will generate an error
-- if the store user does not yet exist; do not worry about this
-- error); this statement is included so that you do not have
-- to manually run DROP before recreating the schema
DROP USER store CASCADE;

-- create the store user
CREATE USER store IDENTIFIED BY store_password;

-- allow the store user to connect and create database items
GRANT connect, resource TO store;

-- connect as the store user
CONNECT store/store_password@192.168.1.104/orcl;


alter session set nls_date_format='DD-MON-YYYY';

alter session set nls_date_language='american';



-- create the tables
CREATE TABLE customers (
  customer_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT customers_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  first_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  last_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  dob DATE,
  phone VARCHAR2(12)
);

CREATE TABLE product_types (
  product_type_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT product_types_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE products (
  product_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT products_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  product_type_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT products_fk_product_types
    REFERENCES product_types(product_type_id),
  name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
  description VARCHAR2(50),
  price NUMBER(5, 2)
);

CREATE TABLE purchases (
  product_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT purchases_fk_products
    REFERENCES products(product_id),
  customer_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT purchases_fk_customers
    REFERENCES customers(customer_id),
  quantity INTEGER NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT purchases_pk PRIMARY KEY (product_id, customer_id)
);

CREATE TABLE employees (
  employee_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  manager_id INTEGER,
  first_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  last_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  title VARCHAR2(20),
  salary NUMBER(6, 0)
);

CREATE TABLE salary_grades (
  salary_grade_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT salary_grade_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  low_salary NUMBER(6, 0),
  high_salary NUMBER(6, 0)
);

CREATE TABLE purchases_with_timestamp (
  product_id INTEGER REFERENCES products(product_id),
  customer_id INTEGER REFERENCES customers(customer_id),
  made_on TIMESTAMP(4)
);

CREATE TABLE purchases_timestamp_with_tz (
  product_id INTEGER REFERENCES products(product_id),
  customer_id INTEGER REFERENCES customers(customer_id),
  made_on TIMESTAMP(4) WITH TIME ZONE
);

CREATE TABLE purchases_with_local_tz (
  product_id INTEGER REFERENCES products(product_id),
  customer_id INTEGER REFERENCES customers(customer_id),
  made_on TIMESTAMP(4) WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
);

CREATE TABLE coupons (
  coupon_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT coupons_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
  duration INTERVAL YEAR(3) TO MONTH
);

CREATE TABLE promotions (
  promotion_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT promotions_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
  duration INTERVAL DAY(3) TO SECOND (4)
);

CREATE TABLE order_status (
  order_status_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT default_example_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  status VARCHAR2(20) DEFAULT 'Order placed' NOT NULL,
  last_modified DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE
);

CREATE TABLE product_changes (
  product_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT prod_changes_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  product_type_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT prod_changes_fk_product_types
    REFERENCES product_types(product_type_id),
  name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
  description VARCHAR2(50),
  price NUMBER(5, 2)
);

CREATE TABLE more_products (
  prd_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
  prd_type_id INTEGER REFERENCES product_types(product_type_id),
  name VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
  available CHAR(1)
);

CREATE TABLE more_employees (
  employee_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT more_employees_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  manager_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT more_empl_fk_fk_more_empl 
    REFERENCES more_employees(employee_id),
  first_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  last_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  title VARCHAR2(20),
  salary NUMBER(6, 0)
);

CREATE TABLE divisions (
  division_id CHAR(3) CONSTRAINT divisions_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(15) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE jobs (
  job_id CHAR(3) CONSTRAINT jobs_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE employees2 (
  employee_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT employees2_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  division_id CHAR(3)
    CONSTRAINT employees2_fk_divisions
    REFERENCES divisions(division_id),
  job_id CHAR(3) REFERENCES jobs(job_id),
  first_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  last_name VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
  salary NUMBER(6, 0)
);

CREATE TABLE all_sales (
  year INTEGER NOT NULL,
  month INTEGER NOT NULL,
  prd_type_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT all_sales_fk_product_types
    REFERENCES product_types(product_type_id),
  emp_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT all_sales_fk_employees2
    REFERENCES employees2(employee_id),
  amount NUMBER(8, 2),
  CONSTRAINT all_sales_pk PRIMARY KEY (
    year, month, prd_type_id, emp_id
  )
);

CREATE TABLE product_price_audit (
  product_id INTEGER
    CONSTRAINT price_audit_fk_products
    REFERENCES products(product_id),
  old_price  NUMBER(5, 2),
  new_price  NUMBER(5, 2)
);

CREATE TABLE reg_exps (
  id NUMBER CONSTRAINT reg_exps_pk PRIMARY KEY,
  text VARCHAR2(512) NOT NULL
);

-- create the PL/SQL code
CREATE PROCEDURE update_product_price(
  p_product_id IN products.product_id%TYPE,
  p_factor     IN NUMBER
) AS
  v_product_count INTEGER;
BEGIN
  -- count the number of products with the
  -- supplied product_id (will be 1 if the product exists)
  SELECT COUNT(*)
  INTO v_product_count
  FROM products
  WHERE product_id = p_product_id;

  -- if the product exists (v_product_count = 1) then
  -- update that product's price
  IF v_product_count = 1 THEN
    UPDATE products
    SET price = price * p_factor
    WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
    COMMIT;
  END IF;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
END update_product_price;
/

CREATE FUNCTION circle_area (
  p_radius IN NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER AS
  v_pi   NUMBER := 3.1415926;
  v_area NUMBER;
BEGIN
  -- circle area is pi multiplied by the radius squared
  v_area := v_pi * POWER(p_radius, 2);
  RETURN v_area;
END circle_area;
/

CREATE FUNCTION average_product_price (
  p_product_type_id IN INTEGER
) RETURN NUMBER AS
  v_average_product_price NUMBER;
BEGIN
  SELECT AVG(price)
  INTO v_average_product_price
  FROM products
  WHERE product_type_id = p_product_type_id;
  RETURN v_average_product_price;
END average_product_price;
/

CREATE PACKAGE product_package AS
  TYPE t_ref_cursor IS REF CURSOR;
  FUNCTION get_products_ref_cursor RETURN t_ref_cursor;
  PROCEDURE update_product_price (
    p_product_id IN products.product_id%TYPE,
    p_factor     IN NUMBER
  );
END product_package;
/

CREATE PACKAGE BODY product_package AS
  FUNCTION get_products_ref_cursor
  RETURN t_ref_cursor IS
    v_products_ref_cursor t_ref_cursor;
  BEGIN
    -- get the REF CURSOR
    OPEN v_products_ref_cursor FOR
      SELECT product_id, name, price
      FROM products;

    -- return the REF CURSOR
    RETURN v_products_ref_cursor;
  END get_products_ref_cursor;

  PROCEDURE update_product_price (
    p_product_id IN products.product_id%TYPE,
    p_factor     IN NUMBER
  ) AS
    v_product_count INTEGER;
  BEGIN
    -- count the number of products with the
    -- supplied product_id (will be 1 if the product exists)
    SELECT COUNT(*)
    INTO v_product_count
    FROM products
    WHERE product_id = p_product_id;

    -- if the product exists (v_product_count = 1) then
    -- update that product's price
    IF v_product_count = 1 THEN
      UPDATE products
      SET price = price * p_factor
      WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
      COMMIT;
    END IF;
  EXCEPTION
    WHEN OTHERS THEN
      ROLLBACK;
  END update_product_price;
END product_package;
/

CREATE TRIGGER before_product_price_update
BEFORE UPDATE OF price
ON products
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (new.price < old.price * 0.75)
BEGIN
  dbms_output.put_line('product_id = ' || :old.product_id);
  dbms_output.put_line('Old price = ' || :old.price);
  dbms_output.put_line('New price = ' || :new.price);
  dbms_output.put_line('The price reduction is more than 25%');

  -- insert row into the product_price_audit table
  INSERT INTO product_price_audit (
    product_id, old_price, new_price
  ) VALUES (
    :old.product_id, :old.price, :new.price
  );
END before_product_price_update;
/

-- insert sample data into customers table
INSERT INTO customers (
  customer_id, first_name, last_name, dob, phone
) VALUES (
  1, 'John', 'Brown', '01-JAN-1965', '800-555-1211'
);

INSERT INTO customers (
  customer_id, first_name, last_name, dob, phone
) VALUES (
  2, 'Cynthia', 'Green', '05-FEB-1968', '800-555-1212'
);

INSERT INTO customers (
  customer_id, first_name, last_name, dob, phone
) VALUES (
  3, 'Steve', 'White', '16-MAR-1971', '800-555-1213'
);

INSERT INTO customers (
  customer_id, first_name, last_name, dob, phone
) VALUES (
  4, 'Gail', 'Black', NULL, '800-555-1214'
);

INSERT INTO customers (
  customer_id, first_name, last_name, dob, phone
) VALUES (
  5, 'Doreen', 'Blue', '20-MAY-1970', NULL
);

-- commit the transaction
COMMIT;

-- insert sample data into product_types table
INSERT INTO product_types (
  product_type_id, name
) VALUES (
  1, 'Book'
);

INSERT INTO product_types (
  product_type_id, name
) VALUES (
  2, 'Video'
);

INSERT INTO product_types (
  product_type_id, name
) VALUES (
  3, 'DVD'
);

INSERT INTO product_types (
  product_type_id, name
) VALUES (
  4, 'CD'
);

INSERT INTO product_types (
  product_type_id, name
) VALUES (
  5, 'Magazine'
);

-- commit the transaction
COMMIT;

-- insert sample data into products table
INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  1, 1, 'Modern Science', 'A description of modern science', 19.95
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  2, 1, 'Chemistry', 'Introduction to Chemistry', 30.00
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  3, 2, 'Supernova', 'A star explodes', 25.99
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  4, 2, 'Tank War', 'Action movie about a future war', 13.95
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  5, 2, 'Z Files', 'Series on mysterious activities', 49.99
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  6, 2, '2412: The Return', 'Aliens return', 14.95
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
)
VALUES (
  7, 3, 'Space Force 9', 'Adventures of heroes', 13.49
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  8, 3, 'From Another Planet', 'Alien from another planet lands on Earth', 12.99
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  9, 4, 'Classical Music', 'The best classical music', 10.99
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  10, 4, 'Pop 3', 'The best popular music', 15.99
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  11, 4, 'Creative Yell', 'Debut album', 14.99
);

INSERT INTO products (
  product_id, product_type_id, name, description, price
) VALUES (
  12, NULL, 'My Front Line', 'Their greatest hits', 13.49
);

-- commit the transaction
COMMIT;

-- insert sample data into purchases table
INSERT INTO purchases (
  product_id, customer_id, quantity
) VALUES (
  1, 1, 1
);

INSERT INTO purchases (
  product_id, customer_id, quantity
) VALUES (
  2, 1, 3
);

INSERT INTO purchases (
  product_id, customer_id, quantity
) VALUES (
  1, 4, 1
);

INSERT INTO purchases (
  product_id, customer_id, quantity
) VALUES (
  2, 2,