VxWorks学习篇-二进制信号量

目前国内雷达信号处理平台上所用的操作系统大多为VxWorks,在VxWorks中,信号量是一种在不同任务间有效传递消息的机制,其中包括二进制信号量、计数型信号量、互斥型信号量。在这些信号量中,二进制信号量的使用最为普遍,下面是对该类型信号量原理的分析。

1、基本函数

在二进制信号量中,主要涉及到下面三个函数

semBCreate该函数作用是创建二进制信号量

SEM_IDsemTest=semBCreate(SEM_Q_PRIORITY,SEM_FULL)

第一个参数为SEM_Q_PRIORITY(任务基于优先级排序),或者是SEM_Q_FIFO(任务基于先进先出排序);

第二个参数为SEM_FULL(信号量创建时即为满-可用),或者是SEM_EMPTY(创建时为空,不可用)

semGive 该函数作用是释放信号量

semGive(semTest)

其实semGive并不是直接将信号量从empty状态改变为full状态,其首先要从等待该信号量的任务阻塞队列里面取出第一个任务让其执行,如果没有任务才将信号量状态改变。

semTake 该函数的作用是等待信号量

semTake(semTest,WAIT_FOREVER)

其实semTake也不是直接将信号量从full转换为empty,而是将任务放入等待该信号量的任务阻塞队列。

2、过程分析

semBCreate创建信号量基本过程

//底层调用semInit
{
	semQInit//创建等待信号量的阻塞队列
	semaphore status//设置信号量状态
} 


semGive释放信号量基本过程

//二进制信号量底层调用semBGive
{
pNode = Q_FIRST (&semId->qHead) //检测该信号量阻塞队列
if(Q is empty)
{
vxAtomicSet_inline ((atomic_t *) (void *)&semId->semOwner,(atomicVal_t) SEMB_FULL_STATE);//修改信号量状态
}
else
{
	windPendQGet (&semId->qHead);//将阻塞队列中第一个任务取出,让其执行
}
}

semTake获取信号量基本过程

//二进制信号量底层调用semBTake
{
abc:	    prevVal = vxAtomicSet_inline ((atomic_t *) (void *) &semId->semOwner,SEMB_PENDED_TASK | SEMB_EMPTY_STATE);//判断信号量状态
if(prevVal == (atomicVal_t) SEMB_FULL_STATE)//如果信号量状态为full,直接返回ok
{
	return (OK);
}
Else
{
windPendQPut (&semId->qHead, timeout)//将任务加入信号量阻塞队列
if(status = KERNEL_UNLOCK ())//进入阻塞状态,如果设定有超时到时间后跳出循环,否则继续执行
goto abc.

}
}

信号量处理过程中最重要的是维护一个阻塞队列,操作该队列函数如下:

void windPendQGet(Q_HEAD *pQHead)      /* pend queue to get first task off */
{
    FAST WIND_TCB *pTcb = NODE_PTR_TO_TCB (Q_GET (pQHead));//从等待该信号量的队列中取出第一个任务
    pTcb->status &= ~WIND_PEND; //将任务状态清楚阻塞标志位
    if (pTcb->status & WIND_DELAY)	//判断是否有超时任务,如果有直接将任务从超时队列中移除
	{
		pTcb->status &= ~WIND_DELAY;
		Q_REMOVE (&tickQHead, &pTcb->tickNode);	/* remove from queue */
	}
    if (pTcb->status == WIND_READY)		//判断此时任务状态,如果为ready将任务放入Ready队列中
		READY_Q_PUT (pTcb);
}

STATUS windPendQPut(
    FAST Q_HEAD *pQHead, //等待该信号量的阻塞队列
    FAST int    timeout )//判断该任务是否超时
    {
    FAST WIND_TCB *pTcbCurrent = _WRS_KERNEL_GLOBAL_ACCESS (taskIdCurrent);
    READY_Q_REMOVE (pTcbCurrent);//将任务从ready队列中移除
    pTcbCurrent->status |= WIND_PEND;//将任务状态加入pend阻塞标志位
    pTcbCurrent->pPendQ = pQHead;			/* pQHead pended on */
    Q_PUT (pQHead, PENDQ_NODE_PTR (pTcbCurrent), pTcbCurrent->priority);//将任务放入等待该信号量的阻塞队列中
    if (timeout != WAIT_FOREVER)	//判断是否有设定超时机制,默认一般不设置
	{
	if ((UINT64)(vxAbsTicks + timeout) < vxAbsTicks)  //计算等待时间
	    {
	    windCalibrateTickQ ();                        /* reset delays */
	    vxAbsTicksZero ();
	    }
	/*
	 * Set the finish time of the delay for the task.  This is used to
	 * facilitate recalculation of timeouts on RESTART.
	 */
	TASK_CPUTIME_INFO_SET (pTcbCurrent, 0, (vxAbsTicks + timeout));
	Q_PUT (&tickQHead, &pTcbCurrent->tickNode, timeout);//放入超时队列中
	pTcbCurrent->status |= WIND_DELAY;//将任务状态标志位增加delay标示
	}
    return (OK);
}


以上两个函数中,Q_GET,Q_PUT,Q_REMOVE,READY_Q_PUT等均为宏定义函数,作用是操作相关队列。



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#include #include #include "vxWorks.h" #include "msgQLib.h" #include "taskLib.h" /*#include "memPartLib.h"*/ #include "memLib.h" /*宏定义*/ #define MAX_MSGS (10) /* the length of msg*/ #define MAX_MSG_LEN sizeof(MESSAGE) /*the length of message*/ #define STACK_SIZE 20000 /*the stack size of task*/ #define DELAY_TICKS 50 /*the time of sending message*/ #define MAX_point 5 /*用户从系统内存池中获得内存的最大次数*/ #define size_1 30 /*用户分区的分配的大小*/ #define size_2 40 /*全局变量*/ int tidtask1; int tidtask2; int tidtask3; SEM_ID syncSemId; SEM_ID waitSemId; MSG_Q_ID myMsgQId1; MSG_Q_ID myMsgQId2; MSG_Q_ID myMsgQId3; typedef struct _MESSAGE { int mSendId; /*发送任务 ID*/ int mRecvId; /*接收任务 ID*/ int mData; /*消息中传递的数据*/ char Data[14]; } MESSAGE; /*内存管理*/ char* usermem1; char* usermem2; MESSAGE *point1[MAX_point]; MESSAGE *point2[MAX_point]; MESSAGE *point3[MAX_point]; int point1_index=0; int point2_index=0; int point3_index=0; PART_ID partid1; PART_ID partid2; #define MID_MESSAGE(id) (id) /*函数声明*/ int start(void); int task1(void); int task2(void); int task3(void); template T* mymalloc(unsigned nBytes); void myfree(void); void bye(void); /***************************************[progStart]*******************************************/ /*启动程序,创建息队例,任务*/ int start(void) { tidtask1=taskSpawn("tTask1", 220, 0, STACK_SIZE, (FUNCPTR)task1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); usermem1=malloc(200); partid1=memPartCreate(usermem1,200); usermem2=malloc(400); partid2=memPartCreate(usermem2,400); return; } /**************************************[test_end]********************************************/ /*是否相等,相等返回1*/ int test_end(char *end,char *target) { int ret; if(!strcmp(end,target)) ret=1; else ret=0; return ret; } /****************************************[task1]***********************************************/ /*管理Task。负责系统启动时同步系统中其他Task的启动同步,利用信号量的semFlush()完成。同时接收各*/ /*Task的告警信息,告警信息需编号以logmsg方式输出。本task负责系统结束时的Task删除处理*/ int task1(void) { int singal; int message; MESSAGE *rxMsg=mymalloc(26); /*define messages,and alloc memory*/ memset(rxMsg,0,26); syncSemId=semBCreate(SEM_Q_FIFO,SEM_EMPTY); /*creat semaphore*/ waitSemId=semBCreate(SEM_Q_PRIORITY,SEM_EMPTY); myMsgQId1=msgQCreate(MAX_MSGS,MAX_MSG_LEN,MSG_Q_PRIORITY); /*create msgQ*/ myMsgQId2=msgQCreate(MAX_MSGS,MAX_MSG_LEN,MSG_Q_PRIORITY); myMsgQId3=msgQCreate(MAX_MSGS,MAX_MSG_LEN,MSG_Q_PRIORITY); tidtask2=taskSpawn("tTask2", 200, 0, STACK_SIZE, (FUNCPTR)task2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); /*create task*/ tidtask3=taskSpawn("tTask3", 210, 0, STACK_SIZE, (FUNCPTR)task3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); printf("Please input one of the following commands:add,sub,multiply,divide,testcommand\n"); /*the command we should put into the console*/ semFlush(syncSemId); /*release semaphore*/ semGive(waitSemId); while(1) { singal=1; msgQReceive(myMsgQId1,(char*)&rxMsg,sizeof(rxMsg),WAIT_FOREVER); if(rxMsg->mRecvId==MID_MESSAGE(3)) /*receive MsgQ from task3*/ { singal=test_end(rxMsg->Data,"wrong length")-1; logMsg("task3 receiveing a:%s\n",rxMsg->Data); /*put the warn from task3*/ logMsg("Please reput the other command!\n"); msgQReceive(myMsgQId1,(char*)&rxMsg,MAX_MSG_LEN,WAIT_FOREVER); /*recive MsgQ from task3*/ } if(rxMsg->mRecvId==MID_MESSAGE(2)) /*receive MsgQ from task2*/ { message=test_end(rxMsg->Data,"sysend"); if(message) { /*if the message from task2 is "sysend" and did not receive the warn from task3, close the system*/ if(singal) { bye(); } } else {/*if the message from task2 is "sysend" and receive the warn from task3, reput the command*/ if(singal) logMsg("task2 receiveing a %s\n",rxMsg->Data); logMsg("please reput the correct command!\n"); } } } return; } /********************************************************************************************/ int change_buf(char *command) { int ret; if(!strcmp(command,"add")) ret=1; else if(!strcmp(command,"sub")) ret=2; else if(!strcmp(command,"multiply")) ret=3; else if(!strcmp(command,"divide")) ret=4; else if(!strcmp(command,"testcommand")) ret=5; else ret=0; return ret; } /****************************************[task2]*********************************************/ /*console 命令行接收Task。接收并分析console发来的命令行及参数。自行设置5种以上命令,并根据命*/ /*令的内容向Task3发送激励消息。同时实现系统退出命令,使系统采用适当方式安全退出。收到非法命令*/ /*向Task1告警*/ int task2(void) { char buf[100]; int command; char *str=mymalloc(35); MESSAGE *txMsg=mymalloc(26); memset(str,0,35); memset(txMsg,0,26); txMsg->mSendId=MID_MESSAGE(2); txMsg->mRecvId=MID_MESSAGE(2); FOREVER { semTake(syncSemId,WAIT_FOREVER); semTake(waitSemId,WAIT_FOREVER); gets(buf); command=change_buf(buf);/*change the commands into numbers*/ switch(command) { case 0:/*receive uncorrect command*/ txMsg->mData=0; strcpy(txMsg->Data,"wrong command");/*send warn to task1*/ msgQSend(myMsgQId1,(char*)&txMsg,sizeof(txMsg),WAIT_FOREVER,MSG_PRI_NORMAL); break; case 1:/*receive add command*/ strcpy(str,"This an add caculate!\0"); txMsg->mData=1; break; case 2:/*receive sub command*/ strcpy(str,"This a sub caculate!\0"); txMsg->mData=2; break; case 3:/*receive multiply command*/ strcpy(str,"This a multiply caculate!\0"); txMsg->mData=3; break; case 4:/*receive divide command*/ strcpy(str,"This a divide caculate!\0"); txMsg->mData=4; break; case 5:/*receive testcommand,send a long string to task3*/ strcpy(str,"This a testcommand to warn task1!\0"); txMsg->mData=5; break; default: break; } if(txMsg->mData!=0) {/*send along string to task3,and send a message to taks3*/ msgQSend(myMsgQId3,(char*)&str,sizeof(str),WAIT_FOREVER,MSG_PRI_NORMAL); msgQSend(myMsgQId3,(char*)&txMsg,sizeof(txMsg),WAIT_FOREVER,MSG_PRI_NORMAL); } semGive(waitSemId); semGive(syncSemId); taskDelay(DELAY_TICKS); if(txMsg->mData!=0) {/*send sysend to task1 to let task1 close system*/ strcpy(txMsg->Data,"sysend"); msgQSend(myMsgQId1,(char*)&txMsg,sizeof(txMsg),WAIT_FOREVER,MSG_PRI_NORMAL); } } return; } /****************************************[task3]********************************************/ /*console输出Task。接收需打印输出的字串消息(命令),输出到console。收到长度为0或超常字串向*/ /*Task1告警*/ int task3(void) { int firstData=100; int secondData=10; MESSAGE *rxMsg=mymalloc(26); MESSAGE *txMsg=mymalloc(26); char *rstr=mymalloc(35); memset(txMsg,0,26); memset(txMsg,0,26); memset(rstr,0,35); txMsg->mSendId=MID_MESSAGE(3); txMsg->mRecvId=MID_MESSAGE(3); while(1) { semTake(syncSemId,WAIT_FOREVER); msgQReceive(myMsgQId3,(char*)&rstr,sizeof(rstr),WAIT_FOREVER); if(strlen(rstr)=26) {/*make sure whether the string is too long or short*/ strcpy(txMsg->Data,"wrong length"); msgQSend(myMsgQId1,(char*)&txMsg,sizeof(txMsg),WAIT_FOREVER,MSG_PRI_NORMAL); /*msgQReceive(myMsgQId3,(char*)&rxMsg,sizeof(rxMsg),WAIT_FOREVER);*/ } semTake(waitSemId,WAIT_FOREVER); msgQReceive(myMsgQId3,(char*)&rxMsg,sizeof(rxMsg),WAIT_FOREVER); if(rxMsg->mData!=5) {/*when it is not testcommand,printf these*/ printf("%s\n",rstr); printf("there are two datas!\n"); printf("firstData:100\n"); printf("secondData:10\n"); } switch(rxMsg->mData) { case 1:/*printf add caculate*/ printf("The result is:%d\n",firstData+secondData); break; case 2:/*printf sub caculate*/ printf("The result is:%d\n",firstData-secondData); break; case 3:/*printf multiply caculate*/ printf("The result is:%d\n",firstData*secondData); break; case 4:/*printf divide caculate*/ printf("The result is:%d\n",firstData/secondData); break; case 5: break; default: break; } semGive(waitSemId); semGive(syncSemId); taskDelay(DELAY_TICKS); } return; } template T* mymalloc(unsigned nBytes) { T* point; int i=0; /*用户分区一是否能分配的标志位*/ int j=0; /*用户分区二是否能分配的标志位*/ if(nBytes=size_1 && nBytes=size_2) && point3_index<MAX_point) /*若用户分区二不能分配,由系统内存池来分配,且只能从系统内存池中分配MAX_point次*/ { point=malloc(nBytes); point3[point3_index]=point; printf("the number of the point3_index is:%d\n",point3_index); point3_index++; } return point; } void myfree(void) { int i=0; for (i=0;i<point1_index;i++) { memPartFree(partid1,point1[i]); } for (i=0;i<point2_index;i++) { memPartFree(partid2,point2[i]); } for (i=0;i<point3_index;i++) { free(point3[i]); } free(usermem1); free(usermem2); printf("The memory have freed!\n"); } void bye(void) { myfree(); logMsg("Bye-bye\n"); taskDelete(tidtask2); taskDelete(tidtask3); msgQDelete(myMsgQId1); msgQDelete(myMsgQId2); msgQDelete(myMsgQId3); semDelete(syncSemId); taskDelete(tidtask1); }

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