Linux 可重定位文件 ELF结构

    Linux下ELF文件类型分为以下几种：

    1、可重定位文件，例如SimpleSection.o；

    2、可执行文件，例如/bin/bash；

    3、共享目标文件，例如/lib/libc.so。

    再接下来的文章中，我们会使用objdump，readelf，hexdump，nm等来分析一个Linux中可重定位文件SimpleSection.o。

    首先附上SimpleSection.c源代码：

int printf( const char* format, ... );


int global_init_var = 84;
int global_uninit_var;

void func1( int i )
{
	printf( "%d\n", i );
}

int main(void)
{
	static int static_var = 85;
	static int static_var2;

	int a = 1;
	int b;

	func1( static_var + static_var2 + a + b );
		
	return a;
}

    使用命令:

    gcc -c SimpleSection.c

    得到SimpleSection.o，下面我们首先附上SimpleSection.o的二进制内容以及整体轮廓。

    使用命令：

    hexdump -C SimpleSection.o，得到SimpleSection.o的二进制内容。

    计算机科学中，二进制0 1可以代表代码，字母，数字（十进制数和十六进制数）。

00000000  7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.ELF............|
00000010  01 00 3e 00 01 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..>.............|
00000020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  88 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000030  00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00  00 00 40 00 0d 00 0a 00  |....@.....@.....|
00000040  55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 10  89 7d fc 8b 45 fc 89 c6  |UH..H....}..E...|
00000050  bf 00 00 00 00 b8 00 00  00 00 e8 00 00 00 00 c9  |................|
00000060  c3 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec  10 c7 45 f8 01 00 00 00  |.UH..H....E.....|
00000070  8b 15 00 00 00 00 8b 05  00 00 00 00 01 d0 03 45  |...............E|
00000080  f8 03 45 fc 89 c7 e8 00  00 00 00 8b 45 f8 c9 c3  |..E.........E...|
00000090  54 00 00 00 55 00 00 00  25 64 0a 00 00 47 43 43  |T...U...%d...GCC|
000000a0  3a 20 28 55 62 75 6e 74  75 2f 4c 69 6e 61 72 6f  |: (Ubuntu/Linaro|
000000b0  20 34 2e 36 2e 33 2d 31  75 62 75 6e 74 75 35 29  | 4.6.3-1ubuntu5)|
000000c0  20 34 2e 36 2e 33 00 00  14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | 4.6.3..........|
000000d0  01 7a 52 00 01 78 10 01  1b 0c 07 08 90 01 00 00  |.zR..x..........|
000000e0  1c 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 21 00 00 00  |............!...|
000000f0  00 41 0e 10 86 02 43 0d  06 5c 0c 07 08 00 00 00  |.A....C..\......|
00000100  1c 00 00 00 3c 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 2f 00 00 00  |....<......./...|
00000110  00 41 0e 10 86 02 43 0d  06 6a 0c 07 08 00 00 00  |.A....C..j......|
00000120  00 2e 73 79 6d 74 61 62  00 2e 73 74 72 74 61 62  |..symtab..strtab|
00000130  00 2e 73 68 73 74 72 74  61 62 00 2e 72 65 6c 61  |..shstrtab..rela|
00000140  2e 74 65 78 74 00 2e 64  61 74 61 00 2e 62 73 73  |.text..data..bss|
00000150  00 2e 72 6f 64 61 74 61  00 2e 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e  |..rodata..commen|
00000160  74 00 2e 6e 6f 74 65 2e  47 4e 55 2d 73 74 61 63  |t..note.GNU-stac|
00000170  6b 00 2e 72 65 6c 61 2e  65 68 5f 66 72 61 6d 65  |k..rela.eh_frame|
00000180  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |........ .......|
000001d0  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001e0  40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@.......P.......|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000200  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1b 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  |................|
00000210  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000220  b0 06 00 00 00 00 00 00  78 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........x.......|
00000230  0b 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000240  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  26 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |........&.......|
00000250  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000260  90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000270  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000280  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  2c 00 00 00 08 0