LeetCode 362. Design Hit Counter（计数器）

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本文介绍了一种设计思路，实现一个能够在过去5分钟内计数点击次数的计数器。该计数器通过维护一个链表来跟踪不同时间戳的点击事件，并提供hit和getHits两个方法，分别用于记录点击事件和获取过去5分钟内的点击总数。

原题网址：https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hit-counter/

Design a hit counter which counts the number of hits received in the past 5 minutes.

Each function accepts a timestamp parameter (in seconds granularity) and you may assume that calls are being made to the system in chronological order (ie, the timestamp is monotonically increasing). You may assume that the earliest timestamp starts at 1.

It is possible that several hits arrive roughly at the same time.

Example:

HitCounter counter = new HitCounter();

// hit at timestamp 1.
counter.hit(1);

// hit at timestamp 2.
counter.hit(2);

// hit at timestamp 3.
counter.hit(3);

// get hits at timestamp 4, should return 3.
counter.getHits(4);

// hit at timestamp 300.
counter.hit(300);

// get hits at timestamp 300, should return 4.
counter.getHits(300);

// get hits at timestamp 301, should return 3.
counter.getHits(301);

Follow up:
What if the number of hits per second could be very large? Does your design scale?

方法：使用链表，注意边界情况。

public class HitCounter {
    
    private Hit start = new Hit(0);
    private Hit tail = start;
    private int count = 0;

    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public HitCounter() {
        
    }
    
    /** Record a hit.
        @param timestamp - The current timestamp (in seconds granularity). */
    public void hit(int timestamp) {
        if (tail.timestamp == timestamp) {
            tail.count ++;
            count ++;
        } else {
            tail.next = new Hit(timestamp);
            tail = tail.next;
            count ++;
        }
        getHits(timestamp);
    }
    
    /** Return the number of hits in the past 5 minutes.
        @param timestamp - The current timestamp (in seconds granularity). */
    public int getHits(int timestamp) {
        while (start.next != null && timestamp - start.next.timestamp >= 300) {
            count -= start.next.count;
            start.next = start.next.next;
        }
        if (start.next == null) tail = start;
        return count;
    }
}

class Hit {
    int timestamp;
    int count;
    Hit next;
    Hit(int timestamp) {
        this.timestamp = timestamp;
        this.count = 1;
    }
}

/**
 * Your HitCounter object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * HitCounter obj = new HitCounter();
 * obj.hit(timestamp);
 * int param_2 = obj.getHits(timestamp);
 */