LeetCode 358. Rearrange String k Distance Apart（字符间隔）

原题网址:https://leetcode.com/problems/rearrange-string-k-distance-apart/

Given a non-empty string str and an integer k, rearrange the string such that the same characters are at least distance k from each other.

All input strings are given in lowercase letters. If it is not possible to rearrange the string, return an empty string "".

Example 1:

str = "aabbcc", k = 3

Result: "abcabc"

The same letters are at least distance 3 from each other.

Example 2:

str = "aaabc", k = 3 

Answer: ""

It is not possible to rearrange the string.

Example 3:

str = "aaadbbcc", k = 2

Answer: "abacabcd"

Another possible answer is: "abcabcda"

The same letters are at least distance 2 from each other.

方法：根据出现频率将字母从大到小排列，以k为间隔进行重排。

public class Solution {
    public String rearrangeString(String str, int k) {
        if (k <= 0) return str;
        int[] f = new int[26];
        char[] sa = str.toCharArray();
        for(char c: sa) f[c-'a'] ++;
        int r = sa.length / k;
        int m = sa.length % k;
        int c = 0;
        for(int g: f) {
            if (g-r>1) return "";
            if (g-r==1) c ++;
        }
        if (c>m) return "";
        Integer[] pos = new Integer[26];
        for(int i=0; i<pos.length; i++) pos[i] = i;
        Arrays.sort(pos, new Comparator<Integer>() {
           @Override
           public int compare(Integer i1, Integer i2) {
               return f[pos[i2]] - f[pos[i1]];
           }
        });
        char[] result = new char[sa.length];
        for(int i=0, j=0, p=0; i<sa.length; i++) {
            result[j] = (char)(pos[p]+'a');
            if (-- f[pos[p]] == 0) p ++;
            j += k;
            if (j >= sa.length) {
                j %= k;
                j ++;
            }
        }
        return new String(result);
    }
}

方法二：最多允许有str.length() % k个冗余的字符，所以可以不排序，O(N)时间复杂度。

public class Solution {
    public String rearrangeString(String str, int k) {
        if (str == null || str.length() <= 1 || k <= 0) return str;
        char[] sa = str.toCharArray();
        int[] frequency = new int[26];
        for(char ch : sa) {
            frequency[ch - 'a'] ++;
        }
        int bucketSize = sa.length / k;
        int remainSize = sa.length % k;
        int[] remain = new int[remainSize];
        int count = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < frequency.length; i++) {
            if (frequency[i] > bucketSize + 1) return "";
            if (frequency[i] > bucketSize && count >= remainSize) return "";
            if (frequency[i] > bucketSize) remain[count++] = i;
        }
        
        int offset = 0, j = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            while (frequency[remain[i]] > 0) {
                frequency[remain[i]] --;
                sa[j] = (char)('a' + remain[i]);
                j += k;
                if (j >= sa.length) {
                    offset ++;
                    j = offset;
                }
            }
        }
        
        for(int i = 0; i < 26; i ++) {
            while (frequency[i] > 0) {
                frequency[i] --;
                sa[j] = (char)('a' + i);
                j += k;
                if (j >= sa.length) {
                    offset ++;
                    j = offset;
                }
            }
        }
        return new String(sa);
    }
}