WinUSB安装以及与Linux通讯

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jt6562

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 00:15:00 发布

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分类专栏：嵌入式开发 USB驱动文章标签： linux Windows usb

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现在正在做一个项目，需要做一个Linux USB gadget驱动，以实现模拟串口的功能，和windows进行简单的数据传递。

Linux端是USB的device端，gadget驱动提供的一种串口设备。这个驱动在linux端提供一个tty设备/dev/ttyGS0，用于数据收发。由于使用的硬件限制，只能提供2个端点，所以不能使用cdc acm这种标准的，windows已经支持的串口设备。在这个项目中，使用generic serial（drivers/usb/f_serial.c）作为device端的gadget驱动。LInux端gadget驱动的编译和使用网上有很多教程，这里就不多介绍了。

这里说一下，当Linux的gadget使用generic serila作为串口驱动时，windows端的驱动如何配置，以及windows如何操作才能与device进行通信。

在windows侧，需要安装WinUSB驱动，这个驱动一个USB通用驱动，只能提供一些基本的USB通信接口，而不能实现任何功能性的驱动。简单来说，WinUSB提供一套用户态的接口，用于实现对USB设备的配置、管理、读写等操作，也就是说在用户态实现内核态的驱动功能，但有许多限制。这里有一个微软对WinUSB的介绍：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/windows/hardware/ff540196.aspx

中文版的，翻译一般般，有一些专有名词翻的太烂了，比如终结点就是endpoint，一般译作端点。

WinUSB使用一般需要提供一个inf文件，使windows将插入的USB设备驱动设置为WinUSB。这个文档详细介绍了WinUSB的安装及如何编程使用WinUSB提供的API接口：

http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/C/5/9C5B2167-8017-4BAE-9FDE-D599BAC8184A/WinUsb_HowTo.docx

这里附一个测试过的INF文件备查，不要从上面的网页链接查看如何安装winusb，链接里的inf文件在XP下有问题，不能直接用。

; WinUSB Devices Driver

; Copyright (c) 2009, XXX company.

 
[Version]
Signature = "$Windows NT$"
Class = USB
ClassGuid={36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000}
Provider = %ProviderName%
DriverPackageDisplayName = %PackageDisplayName%
;CatalogFile=wudf.cat
CatalogFile.NTx86  = senx86.cat
CatalogFile.NTIA64 = senia64.cat
CatalogFile.NTAMD64 = senamd64.cat
DriverVer=09/01/2009,1.0.0.0
 

; ================== Class section ==================

[ClassInstall32]
Addreg=SecureStorageDeviceClassReg

[SecureStorageDeviceClassReg]
HKR,,,0,%ClassName%
HKR,,Icon,,-1

 ; ========== Manufacturer/Models sections ===========
[Manufacturer]
%ProviderName% = MyDevice_WinUSB,NTx86,NTamd64,NTia64

[MyDevice_WinUSB.NTx86]
%USB\MyDevice.DeviceDesc% =USB_Install, USB\VID_1d6b&PID_0104&MI_02

[MyDevice_WinUSB.NTamd64]
%USB\MyDevice.DeviceDesc% =USB_Install, USB\VID_1d6b&PID_0104&MI_02

[MyDevice_WinUSB.NTia64]
%USB\MyDevice.DeviceDesc% =USB_Install, USB\VID_1d6b&PID_0104&MI_02

; =================== Installation ===================
;[1]
[USB_Install]
Include=winusb.inf
Needs=WINUSB.NT

;[2]
[USB_Install.Services]
Include=winusb.inf
AddService=WinUSB,0x00000002,WinUSB_ServiceInstall

;[3]
[WinUSB_ServiceInstall]
DisplayName     = %WinUSB_SvcDesc%
ServiceType     = 1
StartType       = 3
ErrorControl    = 1
ServiceBinary   = %12%\WinUSB.sys

;[4]
[USB_Install.Wdf]
KmdfService=WINUSB, WinUsb_Install

[WinUSB_Install]
KmdfLibraryVersion=1.9

;[5]
[USB_Install.HW]
AddReg=Dev_AddReg

[Dev_AddReg]
HKR,,DeviceInterfaceGUIDs,0x10000,"{9f543223-cede-4fa3-b376-a25ce9a30e74}"
;HKR,,"SystemWakeEnabled",0x00010001,1
HKR,,"DeviceIdleEnabled",0x00010001,1
HKR,,"DeviceIdleIgnoreWakeEnable",0x00010001,1
HKR,,"UserSetDeviceIdleEnabled",0x00010001,1
HKR,,"DefaultIdleState",0x00010001,0x1
HKR,,"DefaultIdleTimeout",0x00010001,500

 
;[6]
[USB_Install.CoInstallers]
AddReg=CoInstallers_AddReg
CopyFiles=CoInstallers_CopyFiles

[CoInstallers_AddReg]
HKR,,CoInstallers32,0x00010000,"WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll","WdfCoInstaller01009.dll,WdfCoInstaller"

[CoInstallers_CopyFiles]
WdfCoInstaller01009.dll
WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll

[DestinationDirs]
CoInstallers_CopyFiles=11

; ================= Source Media Section =====================

;[7]
[SourceDisksNames]
1 = %DISK_NAME%,,,\x86
2 = %DISK_NAME%,,,\amd64
3 = %DISK_NAME%,,,\ia64

[SourceDisksFiles.x86]
WdfCoInstaller01009.dll=1
WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll=1

[SourceDisksFiles.amd64]
WdfCoInstaller01009.dll=2
WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll=2

[SourceDisksFiles.ia64]
WdfCoInstaller01009.dll=3
WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll=3

; =================== Strings ===================

[Strings]
ProviderName="MyDevice"
PackageDisplayName="Device Driver"
USB\MyDevice.DeviceDesc="Device"
WinUSB_SvcDesc="USB Service"
DISK_NAME="USB Device Install Disk"
ClassName="USB Serial Devices"

inf文件中指定的两个辅助安装程序WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll和WdfCoInstaller01009.dll可以在WDK安装目录中找到。如果用的是WDK7.1版本，那么这两个文件在C:\WinDDK\7600.16385.1\redist下对应目录中；如果是WDK8版本，则在C:\Program Files\Windows Kits\8.0\redist\wdf下。将上面的inf文件和三个不同cpu类型目录放在同一个目录下，目录名参照[SourceDisksNames]字段，分别是x86、amd64和ia64。每个目录下分别放WinUSBCoInstaller2.dll和WdfCoInstaller01009.dll这两个文件的不同版本。

在设备管理器中更新驱动程序，并指定驱动安装路径，就可以安装WinUSB驱动了。更细节的内容请参考上面的问题，英文不好的去看网页链接把。

这里有一篇MSDN的简单介绍：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/windows/hardware/ff540174.aspx，更详细的还是要看文档。下面我把代码单独摘抄出来，并加一些注释

// SerialIOTest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
// Include Windows headers
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <strsafe.h>

// Include WinUSB headers
#include <winusb.h>
#include <Usb100.h>
#include <Setupapi.h>

#pragma comment (lib , "setupapi.lib" )
#pragma comment (lib , "winusb.lib" )

//{9f543223-cede-4fa3-b376-a25ce9a30e74}，这个GUID是INF注册的，见[Dev_AddReg]字段，通过GUID来访问设备节点
static const GUID OSR_DEVICE_INTERFACE = 
{ 0x9f543223, 0xcede, 0x4fa3, { 0xb3, 0x76, 0xa2, 0x5c, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0x0e, 0x74 } };

//创建 USB 设备的文件句柄
BOOL GetDeviceHandle (GUID guidDeviceInterface, PHANDLE hDeviceHandle)
{
    if (guidDeviceInterface==GUID_NULL)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    BOOL bResult = TRUE;
    HDEVINFO hDeviceInfo;
    SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData;

    SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData;
    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA pInterfaceDetailData = NULL;

    ULONG requiredLength=0;

    LPTSTR lpDevicePath = NULL;

    DWORD index = 0;

    //获取指定GUID的所有设备的信息，可能会有多个设备，且都使用WinUSB驱动
    hDeviceInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs( 
        &guidDeviceInterface,
        NULL, 
        NULL,
        DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);

    if (hDeviceInfo == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
    { 
        // ERROR 
        printf("Error SetupDiGetClassDevs: %d.\n", GetLastError());
        goto done;
    }

    //遍历所有设备的接口
    DeviceInfoData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);

    for (index = 0; SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hDeviceInfo, index, &DeviceInfoData); index++)
    {
        //Reset for this iteration
        if (lpDevicePath)
        {
            LocalFree(lpDevicePath);
        }
        if (pInterfaceDetailData)
        {
            LocalFree(pInterfaceDetailData);
        }

        deviceInterfaceData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_INTERFACE_DEVICE_DATA);

        //获取设备接口信息
        bResult = SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces( 
           hDeviceInfo,
           &DeviceInfoData,
           &guidDeviceInterface,
           0, 
           &deviceInterfaceData);

        //检查设备遍历是否完成
        if (GetLastError () == ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS)
        {
            break;
        }

        //其他错误
        if (!bResult) 
        {
            printf("Error SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces: %d.\n", GetLastError());
            goto done;
        }

		//返回的接口数据在SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA中，但不知道它的长度，
		//所以需要调用两次SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail()函数，第一次获取长度，
		//第二次才是真正调用，填充结构体内容
        bResult = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
            hDeviceInfo,
            &deviceInterfaceData,
            NULL, 0,
            &requiredLength,
            NULL);


        //这里一定会失败，因为SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail()的第三个参数为NULL
        if (!bResult) 
        {
			//如果是由于参数为NULL，且获得了正确的接口信息长度，那么申请内存。
            if ((ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER==GetLastError()) && (requiredLength>0))
            {
                //为pInterfaceDetailData申请内存，长度是上面返回的requiredLength
                pInterfaceDetailData = (PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA)LocalAlloc(LPTR, requiredLength);
                
                if (!pInterfaceDetailData) 
                { 
                    // ERROR 
                    printf("Error allocating memory for the device detail buffer.\n");
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                printf("Error SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces: %d.\n", GetLastError());
                goto done;
            }
        }

        //get the interface detailed data
        pInterfaceDetailData->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA);

        //第二次调用，使用正确的长度，和alloc好的pInterfaceDetailData
        bResult = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
                hDeviceInfo,
                &deviceInterfaceData,
                pInterfaceDetailData,
                requiredLength,
                NULL,
                &DeviceInfoData);
        
        //Check for some other error
        if (!bResult) 
        {
            printf("Error SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail: %d.\n", GetLastError());
            goto done;
        }

        //获取设备路径                
        size_t nLength = wcslen (pInterfaceDetailData->DevicePath) + 1;  
        lpDevicePath = (TCHAR *) LocalAlloc (LPTR, nLength * sizeof(TCHAR));
        StringCchCopy(lpDevicePath, nLength, pInterfaceDetailData->DevicePath);
        lpDevicePath[nLength-1] = 0;
                        
        printf("Device path:  %s\n", lpDevicePath);

    }

    if (!lpDevicePath)
    {
        //Error.
        printf("Error %d.", GetLastError());
        goto done;
    }

    //打开设备
    *hDeviceHandle = CreateFile (
        lpDevicePath,
        GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        NULL,
        OPEN_EXISTING,
        FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
        NULL);

    if (*hDeviceHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        //Error.
        printf("Error %d.", GetLastError());
        goto done;
    }



done:
    LocalFree(lpDevicePath);
    LocalFree(pInterfaceDetailData);    
    bResult = SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDeviceInfo);
    
    return bResult;
}

//初始化WinUSB，并获取设备的 WinUSB 接口句柄
BOOL GetWinUSBHandle(HANDLE hDeviceHandle, PWINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE phWinUSBHandle)
{
    if (hDeviceHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    BOOL bResult = WinUsb_Initialize(hDeviceHandle, phWinUSBHandle);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        //Error.
        printf("WinUsb_Initialize Error %d.", GetLastError());
        return FALSE;
    }

    return bResult;
}

//查询USB设备描述符--这个函数仅获取speed
BOOL GetUSBDeviceSpeed(WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE hDeviceHandle, UCHAR* pDeviceSpeed)
{
    if (!pDeviceSpeed || hDeviceHandle==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    BOOL bResult = TRUE;

    ULONG length = sizeof(UCHAR);

    bResult = WinUsb_QueryDeviceInformation(hDeviceHandle, DEVICE_SPEED, &length, pDeviceSpeed);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        printf("Error getting device speed: %d.\n", GetLastError());
        goto done;
    }

    if(*pDeviceSpeed == LowSpeed)
    {
        printf("Device speed: %d (Low speed).\n", *pDeviceSpeed);
        goto done;
    }
    if(*pDeviceSpeed == FullSpeed)
    {
        printf("Device speed: %d (Full speed).\n", *pDeviceSpeed);
        goto done;
    }
    if(*pDeviceSpeed == HighSpeed)
    {
        printf("Device speed: %d (High speed).\n", *pDeviceSpeed);
        goto done;
    }

done:
    return bResult;
}

struct PIPE_ID
{
    UCHAR  PipeInId;
    UCHAR  PipeOutId;
};

//查询接口和端点信息
BOOL QueryDeviceEndpoints (WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE hDeviceHandle, PIPE_ID* pipeid)
{
    if (hDeviceHandle==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    BOOL bResult = TRUE;

    USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR InterfaceDescriptor;
    ZeroMemory(&InterfaceDescriptor, sizeof(USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR));

    WINUSB_PIPE_INFORMATION  Pipe;
    ZeroMemory(&Pipe, sizeof(WINUSB_PIPE_INFORMATION));

    //遍历设备接口
    bResult = WinUsb_QueryInterfaceSettings(hDeviceHandle, 0, &InterfaceDescriptor);

    if (bResult)
    {
		//获取该接口的端点数
        for (int index = 0; index < InterfaceDescriptor.bNumEndpoints; index++)
        {
			//查询该端点对应的PIPE信息，这个函数可以获取PIPE的类型、ID、最大包大小等
            bResult = WinUsb_QueryPipe(hDeviceHandle, 0, index, &Pipe);

            if (bResult)
            {
                if (Pipe.PipeType == UsbdPipeTypeControl)
                {
                    printf("Endpoint index: %d Pipe type: Control Pipe ID: %d.\n", index, Pipe.PipeType, Pipe.PipeId);
                }
                if (Pipe.PipeType == UsbdPipeTypeIsochronous)
                {
                    printf("Endpoint index: %d Pipe type: Isochronous Pipe ID: %d.\n", index, Pipe.PipeType, Pipe.PipeId);
                }
                if (Pipe.PipeType == UsbdPipeTypeBulk)
                {
                    if (USB_ENDPOINT_DIRECTION_IN(Pipe.PipeId))
                    {
                        printf("Endpoint index: %d Pipe type: Bulk Pipe ID: %c.\n", index, Pipe.PipeType, Pipe.PipeId);
                        pipeid->PipeInId = Pipe.PipeId;
                    }
                    if (USB_ENDPOINT_DIRECTION_OUT(Pipe.PipeId))
                    {
                        printf("Endpoint index: %d Pipe type: Bulk Pipe ID: %c.\n", index, Pipe.PipeType, Pipe.PipeId);
                        pipeid->PipeOutId = Pipe.PipeId;
                    }

                }
                if (Pipe.PipeType == UsbdPipeTypeInterrupt)
                {
                    printf("Endpoint index: %d Pipe type: Interrupt Pipe ID: %d.\n", index, Pipe.PipeType, Pipe.PipeId);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

done:
    return bResult;
}

//发送写入请求
BOOL WriteToBulkEndpoint(WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE hDeviceHandle, UCHAR* pID, ULONG* pcbWritten)
{
    if (hDeviceHandle==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || !pID || !pcbWritten)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    BOOL bResult = TRUE;

    UCHAR szBuffer[] = "Hello World";
    ULONG cbSize = strlen((const char*)szBuffer);
    ULONG cbSent = 0;

	//真正的WinUSB PIPE写函数
    bResult = WinUsb_WritePipe(hDeviceHandle, *pID, szBuffer, cbSize, &cbSent, 0);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }

    printf("Wrote to pipe %d: %s \nActual data transferred: %d.\n", *pID, szBuffer, cbSent);
    *pcbWritten = cbSent;


done:
    return bResult;

}

//发送读取请求
BOOL ReadFromBulkEndpoint(WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE hDeviceHandle, UCHAR* pID, ULONG cbSize)
{
    if (hDeviceHandle==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    BOOL bResult = TRUE;

    UCHAR* szBuffer = (UCHAR*)LocalAlloc(LPTR, sizeof(UCHAR)*cbSize);
    
    ULONG cbRead = 0;

	//真正的WinUSB PIPE读函数
    bResult = WinUsb_ReadPipe(hDeviceHandle, *pID, szBuffer, cbSize, &cbRead, 0);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }

    printf("Read from pipe %d: %s \nActual data read: %d.\n", *pID, szBuffer, cbRead);


done:
    LocalFree(szBuffer);
    return bResult;

}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{

    GUID guidDeviceInterface = OSR_DEVICE_INTERFACE; //in the INF file

    BOOL bResult = TRUE;

    PIPE_ID PipeID;

    HANDLE hDeviceHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE hWinUSBHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    
    UCHAR DeviceSpeed;
    ULONG cbSize = 0;

    //获取guid指定的USB设备handle，其实是获取guid指定的所有设备中最后一个的handle
    bResult = GetDeviceHandle(guidDeviceInterface, &hDeviceHandle);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }

    //获取WinUSB句柄
    bResult = GetWinUSBHandle(hDeviceHandle, &hWinUSBHandle);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }

    //获取USB设备速度
    bResult = GetUSBDeviceSpeed(hWinUSBHandle, &DeviceSpeed);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }

    //获取端点地址
    bResult = QueryDeviceEndpoints(hWinUSBHandle, &PipeID);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }

    //发送Hello World
    bResult = WriteToBulkEndpoint(hWinUSBHandle, &PipeID.PipeOutId, &cbSize);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }

    //接收数据，接收缓存区为1024大小
    bResult = ReadFromBulkEndpoint(hWinUSBHandle, &PipeID.PipeInId, 1024);
    if(!bResult)
    {
        goto done;
    }


    system("PAUSE");

done:
    //关闭
    CloseHandle(hDeviceHandle);
    WinUsb_Free(hWinUSBHandle);

    return 0;
}

编译一下，执行。这个程序仅仅是个简单的示例，收发都在同一个线程里，而且是先发后收，收到任何一个包就会结束。所以，不用想这是一个类似聊天室的小应用了。

【待补充linux kernel模块编译及使用】

Linux这边只要执行cat /dev/ttyGS0，即可看到windows发送过来的“Hello World”。发送数据到windows，可以执行echo "1234567890" > /dev/ttyGS0。