apt-get install ssh rsync
bin/ hadoop, hdfs, mapred,yarn等可执行文件sbin/ start-dfs.sh start-yarn.sh stop-dfs.sh stop-yarn.sh等可执行文件etc/hadoop env和site等配置文件libexec/ hadoop-config.sh hdfs-config.sh mapred-confg.sh yarn-config.sh等用于配置的可执行文件logs/ 日志文件share 文档与jar包,可以认真浏览一下这些jar包, Map - Reduce 编程接口就靠它include / 头文件lib / 动态链接库
cd hadoop-2.6.0/
vim etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64 [替换JDK所在目录]
vim etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
<configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value> #配置HDFS的地址及端口号 </property> </configuration>
vim etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
<configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> #配置备份方式,默认为3.在单机版里需要改为1 <value>1</value> </property> </configuration>
cp etc / hadoop / mapred - site . xml . template etc / hadoop / mapred - site . xmlvim etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
<configuration> <property> <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name> <value>yarn</value> </property> </configuration>
vim etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
<configuration> <property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> </property> </configuration>
ssh - keygen - t dsa - P '' - f ~ /.ssh/ id_dsacat ~ /.ssh/ id_dsa . pub >>~/. ssh / authorized_keys
ssh localhost
bin/hdfs namenode -format
sbin/start-dfs.sh
sbin/start-yarn.sh
bin / hdfs dfs - mkdir / userbin / hdfs dfs - mkdir / user / root
bin/hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop input
org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(java.io.IOException): File /user/xxxxx._COPYING_ could only be replicated to 0 nodes instead of minReplication (=1). There are 0 datanode(s) running and no node(s) are excluded in this operation.
sbin/stop-dfs.shrm -rf /tmp/hadoop-root/dfs/data/*
sbin/start-dfs.sh
jps
20870 DataNode
20478 NameNode
31294 FsShell
19474 Elasticsearch
21294 SecondaryNameNode
bin/hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop input
bin/hdfs dfs -cat output/*
6 dfs.audit.logger
4 dfs.class
3 dfs.server.namenode.
2 dfs.period
2 dfs.audit.log.maxfilesize
2 dfs.audit.log.maxbackupindex
1 dfsmetrics.log
1 dfsadmin
1 dfs.servers
1 dfs.replication
1 dfs.file
我们也可以把结果merge到单个文件中来看
bin/hdfs dfs -getmerge output/ output
三、MapReduce编程入门
环境IDE:eclipse
导入hadoop核心包 hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar
导出:我们自己的fat jar包
示例代码放在我的git上 https://github.com/tanjiti/mapreduceExample
HelloWorld版本的MapReduce
仍然用单词切割的例子,单词切割就是HelloWorld版本的MapReduce
文件结构如下
├── bin 存放编译后的字节文件
├── lib 存放依赖jar包,来自hadoop安装文件share/hadoop/
│?? ├── commons-cli-1.2.jar
│?? ├── hadoop-common-2.6.0.jar
│?? └── hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.6.0.jar
├── mymainfest 配置文件,指定classpath
└── src 源文件
└── mapreduceExample
└── WordCount.java
我一般在eclipse里编码(可视化便利性),然后采用命令行编译打包(命令行高效性)
第一步:源码编辑
编辑vim src/mapreduceExample/WordCount.java
package mapreduceExample; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.StringTokenizer; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser; public class WordCount { public static class TokenizerMapper extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable>{ private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1); private Text word = new Text(); @Override public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context ) throws IOException, InterruptedException { StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString()); while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) { word.set(itr.nextToken()); context.write(word, one); } } } public static class IntSumReducer extends Reducer<Text,IntWritable,Text,IntWritable> { private IntWritable result = new IntWritable(); @Override public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context ) throws IOException, InterruptedException { int sum = 0; for (IntWritable val : values) { sum += val.get(); } result.set(sum); context.write(key, result); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs(); if (otherArgs.length != 2) { System.err.println("Usage: mapreduceExample.WordCount <in> <out>"); System.exit(2); } Job job = new Job(conf, "word count"); job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class); job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class); //设置mapper类 job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class); //设置combiner类,该类的作用是合并map结果,减少网络I/O job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);//设置reducer类 job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);//设置reduce结果输出 key的类型 job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class); //设置reduce结果输出 value的类型 FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));//设置输入数据文件路径 FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));//设置输出数据文件路径 System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1); } }
第二步:编译打包
编译
javac -d bin/ -sourcepath src/ -cp lib/hadoop-common-2.6.0.jar:lib/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.6.0.jar:lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar src/mapreduceExample/WordCount.java
编写配置文件vim mymainfest
编辑Class - Path : lib/hadoop-common-2.7.0.jar lib/ hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.7.0.jar lib / commons - cli - 1.2 . jar注:mainfest 配置详见 https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/jar/manifestindex.html其他重要配置项Main-Class: 指定入口class,因为一个mapreduce项目,往往会有多种入口,因此不配置该项打包jar cvfm mapreduceExample.jar mymainfest lib/* src/* -C bin .
查看jar包内容jar tf mapreduceExample.jar
第三步: 运行META-INF/ META-INF/MANIFEST.MF lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar lib/hadoop-common-2.6.0.jar lib/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.6.0.jar src/mapreduceExample/ src/mapreduceExample/WordCount.java mapreduceExample/ mapreduceExample/WordCount.class mapreduceExample/WordCount$TokenizerMapper.class mapreduceExample/WordCount$IntSumReducer.class
查看Usage
显示bin/hadoop jar /home/tanjiti/mapreduceExample/mapreduceExample.jar mapreduceExample.WordCount
Usage: just4test.WordCount <in> <out>
当然,这是个很简陋的使用说明,但起码知道了参数是哪些,好了,正式运行
bin/hadoop jar
/home/tanjiti/mapreduceExample/mapreduceExample.jar[jar所在路径]
mapreduceExample.WordCount[main Class,如果打包jar包时在manifest文件中指定了就不需要指定该参数]
/in[输入文件路径,在执行任务前必须存在]
/out[结果输出路径,在执行任务前不应该存在该路径]
先合并结果再查看bin/hdfs dfs -getmerge /out wordcount_result
部分结果如下tail wordcount_result
"/?app=vote&controller=vote&action=total&contentid=7%20and%201=2%20union%20select%20group_concat(md5(7));%23" 1
MapReduce的思想其实非常简单一句话来描述这个过程,就是开启一个MapReducer Job,设置好相应的Configuration,指定输入输出数据源的路径与格式,指定数据流K,V的格式(很多时候需要自定义格式,继承Writable),指定处理过程(map,combine,partition,sort,reduce)。四、更多
再实现这些基本功能后,我们下一步会考虑如何共享数据,是读写HDFS文件,还是采用Configuration配置,还是使用DistributedCache;如何何处理多个mapreducejob,是线性的方式,还是ControlledJob,还是ChainMapper、ChainReducer。
等功能都搞定了,我们再考虑性能优化的问题,例如数据预处理(合并小文件,过滤杂音、设置InputSplit的大小),是否启用压缩方式,设置Map和Reduce任务的数量等job属性,全靠实战来填坑。