静态工厂和构造器的局限:不能很好的扩展到大量可选参数。
方法1
习惯用法:重叠构造器。提供一个只有必要参数的构造器,第二个构造器有一个可选参数,第三个构造器有两个可选参数,以此类推。
缺点:参数较多时,客户端代码难以编写,难以阅读。
方法2
JavaBeans模式:调用一个无参构造器来创建对象,调用setter方法设置每一个必要参数,及可选参数。
缺点:构造过程中javabeans可能处于不一致状态,需要额外努力保证线程安全。
方法3
Builder模式,不直接生成想要对象,而让客户端利用所有必要参数调用构造器得到一个builder对象,在builder对象上调用类似setter的方法设置可选参数,最后调用builder的无参build方法生成不可变的所需对象。这个builder是它构建的类静态成员类。注意,builder的setter方法返回builder本身,以便将调用链接起来。
public class NutritionFacts {
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
private final int calories;
private final int fat;
private final int sodium;
private final int carbohydrate;
public static class Builder{
//必要参数
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
//可选参数
private int calories = 0;
private int fat = 0;
private int carbohydrate = 0;
private int sodium = 0;
public Builder(int servingSize,int servings) {
this.servingSize = servingSize;
this.servings = servings;
}
public Builder calories(int val) {
calories = val;
return this;
}
public Builder fat(int val) {
fat = val;
return this;
}
public Builder carbohydrate(int val) {
carbohydrate = val;
return this;
}
public Builder sodium(int val) {
sodium = val;
return this;
}
public NutritionFacts build() {
return new NutritionFacts(this);
}
}
private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {
servingSize = builder.servingSize;
servings = builder.servings;
calories = builder.calories;
fat = builder.fat;
sodium = builder.sodium;
carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
}
}
客户端代码:
NutritionFacts cocaCloa = new NutritionFacts.Builder(240, 8).calories(100).sodium(35).carbohydrate(27).build();