在swift中类的创建类:
class Shape {
var numberOfSides = 0
func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A shape with \(numberOfSides) sides."
}
}
在一个类里可以定义 常量变量以及方法,并且使用 . 来调用或者获取 不过首先你需要创建一个实例
var shape = Shape()
shape.numberOfSides = 7
var shapeDescription = shape.simpleDescription()
是不是觉得少了点什么~! 对就是少了init方法
class NamedShape {
var numberOfSides: Int = 0
var name: String
init(name: String) {
self.name = name
}
func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A shape with \(numberOfSides) sides."
}
}
var name = NamedShape(name:"gege")
name.name
这边需要注意的就是 定义类是时候 所有的常量或者变量都需要赋值 你可以在定义的时候设定默认值 也可以在调用init的时候赋值
下面我们来看看类的继承
class Square: NamedShape {
var sideLength: Double
init(sideLength: Double, name: String) {
self.sideLength = sideLength
super.init(name: name)
numberOfSides = 4
}
func area() -> Double {
return sideLength * sideLength
}
override func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A square with sides of length \(sideLength)."
}
}
let test = Square(sideLength: 5.2, name: "my test square")
test.area()
test.simpleDescription()
关于子类重写父类的方法 在swift 中 需要显示的在方法前面加上 override 不过事实上编译器只不过是标记了当前类方法的override 实际上并没有覆盖掉父类的方法
在类中属性除了简单的定义以外 还可以添加相应的get和set 方法
class EquilateralTriangle: NamedShape {
var sideLength: Double = 0.0
init(sideLength: Double, name: String) {
self.sideLength = sideLength
super.init(name: name)
numberOfSides = 3
}
var perimeter: Double {
get {
return 3.0 * sideLength
}
set {
sideLength = newValue / 3.0
}
}
override func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "An equilateral triangle with sides of length \(sideLength)."
}
}
var triangle = EquilateralTriangle(sideLength: 3.1, name: "a triangle")
println(triangle.perimeter)
triangle.perimeter = 9.9
println(triangle.sideLength)
这段代码定义了一个perimeter的get set方法 ,应为 set 方法没有传入参数 所以在set 方法里有个newValue(什么鬼) 来指向set进入的参数… 并且这newValue是默认的 没法改的… 当然你可以自己定一个变量来指向传入的值
关于继承类有几点新需要注意:
1 所有属性必须在子类赋值 .
2 需要调用父类的初始化方法.
3 可以使用get,set,func,等方法来给父类的属性赋值
另外 swift提供了2个方法 willSet和didSet来监听set前后的事件,简单来说就是定义set之前 和 set 之后干点什么
注意 初始化并不会调用这两个方法
class TriangleAndSquare {
var triangle: EquilateralTriangle {
willSet {
square.sideLength = newValue.sideLength
}
}
var square: Square {
didSet {
triangle.sideLength = newValue.sideLength
}
}
init(size: Double, name: String) {
square = Square(sideLength: size, name: name)
triangle = EquilateralTriangle(sideLength: size, name: name)
}
}
var triangleAndSquare = TriangleAndSquare(size: 10, name: "another test shape")
println(triangleAndSquare.square.sideLength)
println(triangleAndSquare.triangle.sideLength)
triangleAndSquare.square = Square(sideLength: 50, name: "larger square")
println(triangleAndSquare.triangle.sideLength)
定义类内部方法参数名:
class Counter {
var count: Int = 0
func incrementBy(amount: Int, numberOfTimes times: Int) {
count += amount * times
}
}
var counter = Counter()
counter.incrementBy(2, numberOfTimes: 7)