boost::scoped_ptr和std::auto_ptr非常类似,是一个简单的智能指针,它能够保证在离开作用域后对象被自动释放。下列代码演示了该指针的基本应用
#include <string> |
该代码的输出结果是:
Test Begin ... |
可以看到:当implementation类离其开impl作用域的时候,会被自动删除,这样就会避免由于忘记手动调用delete而造成内存泄漏了。
boost::scoped_ptr特点:
boost::scoped_ptr的实现和std::auto_ptr非常类似,都是利用了一个栈上的对象去管理一个堆上的对象,从而使得堆上的对象随着栈上的对象销毁时自动删除。不同的是,boost::scoped_ptr有着更严格的使用限制——不能拷贝。这就意味着:boost::scoped_ptr指针是不能转换其所有权的。
-
不能转换所有权
boost::scoped_ptr所管理的对象生命周期仅仅局限于一个区间(该指针所在的"{}"之间),无法传到区间之外,这就意味着boost::scoped_ptr对象是不能作为函数的返回值的(std::auto_ptr可以)。 -
不能共享所有权
这点和std::auto_ptr类似。这个特点一方面使得该指针简单易用。另一方面也造成了功能的薄弱——不能用于stl的容器中。 -
不能用于管理数组对象
由于boost::scoped_ptr是通过 delete来删除所管理对象的,而数组对象必须通过 deletep[]来删除,因此boost::scoped_ptr是不能管理数组对象的,如果要管理数组对象需要使用boost::scoped_array类。
scoped_ptr的常用操作:
// A scoped_ptr<T> is like a T*, except that the destructor of scoped_ptr<T>
// automatically deletes the pointer it holds (if any).
// That is, scoped_ptr<T> owns the T object that it points to.
// Like a T*, a scoped_ptr<T> may hold either NULL or a pointer to a T object.
// Also like T*, scoped_ptr<T> is thread-compatible, and once you
// dereference it, you get the threadsafety guarantees of T.
//
// The size of a scoped_ptr is small:
// sizeof(scoped_ptr<C>) == sizeof(C*)
template<class C>
class scoped_ptr {
public:
// The element type
typedef C element_type;
// Constructor. Defaults to initializing with NULL.
// There is no way to create an uninitialized scoped_ptr.
// The input parameter must be allocated with new.
explicit scoped_ptr(C* p = NULL) :
ptr_(p) {
}
// Destructor. If there is a C object, delete it.
// We don't need to test ptr_ == NULL because C++ does that for us.
~scoped_ptr() {
enum {
type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C)
};
delete ptr_;
}
// Reset. Deletes the current owned object, if any.
// Then takes ownership of a new object, if given.
// this->reset(this->get()) works.
void reset(C* p = NULL) {
if (p != ptr_) {
enum {
type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C)
};
delete ptr_;
ptr_ = p;
}
}
// Accessors to get the owned object.
// operator* and operator-> will assert() if there is no current object.
C& operator*() const {
assert(ptr_ != NULL);
return *ptr_;
}
C* operator->() const {
assert(ptr_ != NULL);
return ptr_;
}
C* get() const {
return ptr_;
}
// Comparison operators.
// These return whether two scoped_ptr refer to the same object, not just to
// two different but equal objects.
bool operator==(C* p) const {
return ptr_ == p;
}
bool operator!=(C* p) const {
return ptr_ != p;
}
// Swap two scoped pointers.
void swap(scoped_ptr& p2) {
C* tmp = ptr_;
ptr_ = p2.ptr_;
p2.ptr_ = tmp;
}
// Release a pointer.
// The return value is the current pointer held by this object.
// If this object holds a NULL pointer, the return value is NULL.
// After this operation, this object will hold a NULL pointer,
// and will not own the object any more.
C* release() WARN_UNUSED_RESULT {
C* retVal = ptr_;
ptr_ = NULL;
return retVal;
}
private:
C* ptr_;
// Forbid comparison of scoped_ptr types. If C2 != C, it totally doesn't
// make sense, and if C2 == C, it still doesn't make sense because you should
// never have the same object owned by two different scoped_ptrs.
template<class C2> bool operator==(scoped_ptr<C2> const& p2) const;
template<class C2> bool operator!=(scoped_ptr<C2> const& p2) const;
// Disallow evil constructors
scoped_ptr(const scoped_ptr&);
void operator=(const scoped_ptr&);
}
它的常用操作如下:
成员函数
功能
operator*()
以引用的形式访问所管理的对象的成员
operator->()
以指针的形式访问所管理的对象的成员
get()
释放所管理的对象,管理另外一个对象
swap(scoped_ptr& b)
交换两个boost::scoped_ptr管理的对象