Java之——Java mail邮件开发实战

转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/l1028386804/article/details/51146788

今天,给大家具体讲讲如何利用java mail实现发送邮箱的功能,不多说了,我们直接进入主题。

一、准备环境

 java发送邮件需要3个jar包的支持,分别是activation.jar,additionnal.jar,mail.jar,大家可以到链接http://download.csdn.net/detail/l1028386804/9490320下载这些所需的jar包,将这些jar包放入到自己的java工程中。

二、实现

1、创建邮件信息类MailSenderInfo

这个类是发送邮件的基本信息类,存储了发送邮件的各种信息,包括发送邮件的服务器地址、端口,发送者的邮箱、账号、密码、接收者的邮箱和邮件内容等信息。

具体代码如下:

package com.lyz.utils.email;

import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 邮件发送信息类
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class MailSenderInfo {
	// 发送邮件的服务器的IP和端口
	private String mailServerHost;
	private String mailServerPort = "25";

	// 邮件发送者的地址
	private String fromAddress;
	// 邮件接收者的地址
	private String toAddress;
	// 登陆邮件发送服务器的用户名和密码
	private String userName;
	private String password;
	// 是否需要身份验证
	private boolean validate = true;
	// 邮件主题
	private String subject;
	// 邮件的文本内容
	private String content;
	// 邮件附件的文件名
	private String[] attachFileNames;

	/**
	 * 获得邮件会话属性
	 */
	public Properties getProperties() {
		Properties p = new Properties();
		p.put("mail.smtp.host", this.mailServerHost);
		p.put("mail.smtp.port", this.mailServerPort);
		p.put("mail.smtp.auth", validate ? "true" : "false");
		
		p.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");  
		p.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class","javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");  
		p.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");  
		p.setProperty("mail.smtp.quitwait", "false");
		return p;
	}
	
	public MailSenderInfo() {
		super();
	}
	
	
	public MailSenderInfo(String mailServerHost, String mailServerPort,
			String fromAddress, String toAddress, String userName,
			String password, boolean validate, String subject, String content) {
		super();
		this.mailServerHost = mailServerHost;
		this.mailServerPort = mailServerPort;
		this.fromAddress = fromAddress;
		this.toAddress = toAddress;
		this.userName = userName;
		this.password = password;
		this.validate = validate;
		this.subject = subject;
		this.content = content;
	}

	public String getMailServerHost() {
		return mailServerHost;
	}

	public void setMailServerHost(String mailServerHost) {
		this.mailServerHost = mailServerHost;
	}

	public String getMailServerPort() {
		return mailServerPort;
	}

	public void setMailServerPort(String mailServerPort) {
		this.mailServerPort = mailServerPort;
	}

	public boolean isValidate() {
		return validate;
	}

	public void setValidate(boolean validate) {
		this.validate = validate;
	}

	public String[] getAttachFileNames() {
		return attachFileNames;
	}

	public void setAttachFileNames(String[] fileNames) {
		this.attachFileNames = fileNames;
	}

	public String getFromAddress() {
		return fromAddress;
	}

	public void setFromAddress(String fromAddress) {
		this.fromAddress = fromAddress;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public String getToAddress() {
		return toAddress;
	}

	public void setToAddress(String toAddress) {
		this.toAddress = toAddress;
	}

	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public String getSubject() {
		return subject;
	}

	public void setSubject(String subject) {
		this.subject = subject;
	}

	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}

	public void setContent(String textContent) {
		this.content = textContent;
	}
}

2、创建发送邮件的认证类MyAuthenticator

这个类是发送邮件时的认证类,此类继承自Authenticator。

具体代码如下:

package com.lyz.utils.email;

import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;

/**
 * 发送邮件的认证类
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class MyAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
	String userName = null;
	String password = null;

	public MyAuthenticator() {
	}

	public MyAuthenticator(String username, String password) {
		this.userName = username;
		this.password = password;
	}

	protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
		return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);
	}
}

3、创建发送邮件的核心类MailSender

这个类是整个项目的核心,是整个项目的邮件发送器。这个类共实现了4个方法:

(1)以文本格式发送邮件,不带附件的sendTextMail方法;

(2)以带附件的方式发送文本格式邮件的sendTextMailWithAttachment方法

(3)以HTML格式发送邮件,带附件的sendHtmlMailWithAttachment方法

(4)以HTML格式发送邮件,不带附件的sendHtmlMail方法

具体代码如下:

package com.lyz.utils.email;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.activation.CommandMap;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.activation.MailcapCommandMap;
import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

/**
 * @author liuyazhuang
 * 邮件发送器
 */
public class MailSender {
	
	
	/**
	 * 以文本格式发送邮件,不带附件
	 * @param mailInfo
	 *            待发送的邮件的信息
	 */
	public static boolean sendTextMail(MailSenderInfo mailInfo) {
		// 判断是否需要身份认证
		MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;
		Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
		if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
			// 如果需要身份认证,则创建一个密码验证器
			authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
		}
		// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
		Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
		try {
			// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
			Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
			// 创建邮件发送者地址
			Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
			// 设置邮件消息的发送者
			mailMessage.setFrom(from);
			// 创建邮件的接收者地址,并设置到邮件消息中
			Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
			mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
			// 设置邮件消息的主题
			mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
			// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
			mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
			// 设置邮件消息的主要内容
			String mailContent = mailInfo.getContent();
			mailMessage.setText(mailContent);
			MailcapCommandMap mc = (MailcapCommandMap) CommandMap.getDefaultCommandMap();
	        mc.addMailcap("text/html;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_html");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/xml;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_xml");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/plain;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_plain");
	        mc.addMailcap("multipart/*;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.multipart_mixed");
	        mc.addMailcap("message/rfc822;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.message_rfc822");
	        CommandMap.setDefaultCommandMap(mc);
			// 发送邮件
			Transport.send(mailMessage);
			return true;
		} catch (MessagingException ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 以带附件的方式发送文本格式邮件
	 * @param mailInfo 待发送的邮件的信息
	 * @param filenames 附件的磁盘绝对路径
	 */
	public static boolean sendTextMailWithAttachment(MailSenderInfo mailInfo, String ... filenames) {
		// 判断是否需要身份认证
		MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;
		Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
		if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
			// 如果需要身份认证,则创建一个密码验证器
			authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
		}
		// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
		Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
		try {
			// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
			Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
			// 创建邮件发送者地址
			Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
			// 设置邮件消息的发送者
			mailMessage.setFrom(from);
			// 创建邮件的接收者地址,并设置到邮件消息中
			Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
			mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
			// 设置邮件消息的主题
			mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
			// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
			mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
			//实例化Multipart
			Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
			//实例化发送文本的MimeBodyPart
			MimeBodyPart textFile = new MimeBodyPart();
			//设置文本信息
			textFile.setText(mailInfo.getContent(), "UTF-8");
			mp.addBodyPart(textFile);
			//是否添加了附件
			if(filenames != null && filenames.length > 0){
				for(int i = 0; i < filenames.length; i++){
					String fileName = filenames[i];
					//文件名为空,跳过本次循环
					if(fileName == null || "".equals(fileName.trim())){
						continue;
					}
					MimeBodyPart mbpFile = new MimeBodyPart();
					FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(fileName);
					mbpFile.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds));
					mbpFile.setFileName(fileName);
					mp.addBodyPart(mbpFile);
				}
			}
			mailMessage.setContent(mp);
			MailcapCommandMap mc = (MailcapCommandMap) CommandMap.getDefaultCommandMap();
	        mc.addMailcap("text/html;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_html");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/xml;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_xml");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/plain;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_plain");
	        mc.addMailcap("multipart/*;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.multipart_mixed");
	        mc.addMailcap("message/rfc822;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.message_rfc822");
	        CommandMap.setDefaultCommandMap(mc);
			// 发送邮件
			Transport.send(mailMessage);
			return true;
		} catch (MessagingException ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * 以HTML格式发送邮件,带附件
	 * @param mailInfo
	 *            待发送的邮件信息
	 *  @param filenames:附件在磁盘上的绝对路径
	 */
	public static boolean sendHtmlMailWithAttachment(MailSenderInfo mailInfo, String... filenames) {
		// 判断是否需要身份认证
		MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;
		Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
		// 如果需要身份认证,则创建一个密码验证器
		if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
			authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
		}
		// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
		Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
		try {
			// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
			Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
			// 创建邮件发送者地址
			Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
			// 设置邮件消息的发送者
			mailMessage.setFrom(from);
			// 创建邮件的接收者地址,并设置到邮件消息中
			Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
			// Message.RecipientType.TO属性表示接收者的类型为TO
			mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
			// 设置邮件消息的主题
			mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
			// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
			mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
			// MiniMultipart类是一个容器类,包含MimeBodyPart类型的对象
			Multipart mainPart = new MimeMultipart();
			// 创建一个包含HTML内容的MimeBodyPart
			BodyPart html = new MimeBodyPart();
			// 设置HTML内容
			html.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html; charset=utf-8");
			mainPart.addBodyPart(html);
			//是否添加了附件
			if(filenames != null && filenames.length > 0){
				for(int i = 0; i < filenames.length; i++){
					String fileName = filenames[i];
					//文件名为空,跳过本次循环
					if(fileName == null || "".equals(fileName.trim())){
						continue;
					}
					MimeBodyPart mbpFile = new MimeBodyPart();
					FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(fileName);
					mbpFile.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds));
					mbpFile.setFileName(fileName);
					mainPart.addBodyPart(mbpFile);
				}
			}
			// 将MiniMultipart对象设置为邮件内容
			mailMessage.setContent(mainPart);
			MailcapCommandMap mc = (MailcapCommandMap) CommandMap.getDefaultCommandMap();
	        mc.addMailcap("text/html;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_html");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/xml;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_xml");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/plain;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_plain");
	        mc.addMailcap("multipart/*;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.multipart_mixed");
	        mc.addMailcap("message/rfc822;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.message_rfc822");
	        CommandMap.setDefaultCommandMap(mc);
			// 发送邮件
			Transport.send(mailMessage);
			return true;
		} catch (MessagingException ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	/**
	 * 以HTML格式发送邮件
	 * @param mailInfo
	 *            待发送的邮件信息
	 */
	public static boolean sendHtmlMail(MailSenderInfo mailInfo) {
		// 判断是否需要身份认证
		MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;
		Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
		// 如果需要身份认证,则创建一个密码验证器
		if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
			authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
		}
		// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
		Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
		try {
			// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
			Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
			// 创建邮件发送者地址
			Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
			// 设置邮件消息的发送者
			mailMessage.setFrom(from);
			// 创建邮件的接收者地址,并设置到邮件消息中
			Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
			// Message.RecipientType.TO属性表示接收者的类型为TO
			mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
			// 设置邮件消息的主题
			mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
			// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
			mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
			// MiniMultipart类是一个容器类,包含MimeBodyPart类型的对象
			Multipart mainPart = new MimeMultipart();
			// 创建一个包含HTML内容的MimeBodyPart
			BodyPart html = new MimeBodyPart();
			// 设置HTML内容
			html.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html; charset=utf-8");
			mainPart.addBodyPart(html);
			// 将MiniMultipart对象设置为邮件内容
			mailMessage.setContent(mainPart);
			MailcapCommandMap mc = (MailcapCommandMap) CommandMap.getDefaultCommandMap();
	        mc.addMailcap("text/html;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_html");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/xml;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_xml");
	        mc.addMailcap("text/plain;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_plain");
	        mc.addMailcap("multipart/*;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.multipart_mixed");
	        mc.addMailcap("message/rfc822;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.message_rfc822");
	        CommandMap.setDefaultCommandMap(mc);
			// 发送邮件
			Transport.send(mailMessage);
			return true;
		} catch (MessagingException ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
}

4、创建配置文件email.properties

为了更加符合编程的规范,这里我们将发送邮件必须要用到的一些信息放到一个配置文件中,在项目的classpath目录下建立email.properties文件。

具体代码如下:

mail_server_host = smtp.qq.com
mail_server_port = 995
mail_user_name = your username
mail_password = your password
mail_from_address = your email where send email
注:大家要将文件中的用户名、密码、和发送邮件的邮箱替换为自己的用户名、密码和发送邮件的邮箱。

5、创建测试类SendTest

这个类是整个项目的测试类,测试是否能够实现发送邮件的功能

具体代码如下:

package com.lyz.utils.test;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

import com.lyz.utils.email.MailSender;
import com.lyz.utils.email.MailSenderInfo;

/**
 * 测试发送邮件
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class SendTest {

	/**
	 * 
	 *  QQ邮箱 POP3 和 SMTP 服务器地址设置如下:邮箱POP3服务器(端口110)SMTP服务器(端口25)qq.com pop.qq.com smtp.qq.comSMTP服务器需要身份验证。
		如果是设置POP3和SMTP的SSL加密方式,则端口如下:
		POP3服务器(端口995)
		SMTP服务器(端口465或587)。
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		Properties prop = new Properties();
		InputStream in = SendTest.class.getResourceAsStream("/email.properties");
		prop.load(in);
		
		MailSenderInfo mailInfo = new MailSenderInfo();
		mailInfo.setMailServerHost(prop.getProperty("mail_server_host"));
		mailInfo.setMailServerPort(prop.getProperty("mail_server_port"));
		mailInfo.setUserName(prop.getProperty("mail_user_name"));
		mailInfo.setPassword(prop.getProperty("mail_password"));
		mailInfo.setFromAddress(prop.getProperty("mail_from_address"));
		
		mailInfo.setValidate(true);
		mailInfo.setToAddress("你要发送邮件的目标邮箱");
		mailInfo.setSubject("你好");
		mailInfo.setContent("我叫刘亚壮");
		
		// 这个类主要来发送邮件
		MailSender.sendTextMailWithAttachment(mailInfo);// 发送文体格式
	}

}

三、运行效果

四、附录

大家可以到链接http://download.csdn.net/detail/l1028386804/9490320下载开发邮件程序所需要的jar包,到链接http://download.csdn.net/detail/l1028386804/9490326下载java发送邮件的完整源代码

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/* * JCatalog Project */ package com.hexiang.utils; import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import com.hexiang.exception.CatalogException; /** * Utility class to send email. * * @author <a href="380595305@qq.com">hexiang</a> */ public class EmailUtil { //the logger for this class private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog("com.hexiang.util.EmailUtil"); /** * Send email to a single recipient. * * @param smtpHost the SMTP email server address * @param senderAddress the sender email address * @param senderName the sender name * @param receiverAddress the recipient email address * @param sub the subject of the email * @param msg the message content of the email */ public static void sendEmail(String smtpHost, String senderAddress, String senderName, String receiverAddress, String sub, String msg) throws CatalogException { List<String> recipients = new ArrayList<String>(); recipients.add(receiverAddress); sendEmail(smtpHost, senderAddress, senderName, recipients, sub, msg); } /** * Send email to a list of recipients. * * @param smtpHost the SMTP email server address * @param senderAddress the sender email address * @param senderName the sender name * @param recipients a list of receipients email addresses * @param sub the subject of the email * @param msg the message content of the email */ public static void sendEmail(String smtpHost, String senderAddress, String senderName, List<String> recipients, String sub, String msg) throws CatalogException { if (smtpHost == null) { String errMsg = "Could not send email: smtp host address is null"; logger.error(errMsg); throw new CatalogException(errMsg); } try { Properties props = System.getProperties(); props.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost); Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null ); MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage( session ); message.addHeader("Content-type", "text/plain"); message.setSubject(sub); message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(senderAddress, senderName)); for (Iterator<String> it = recipients.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { String email = (String)it.next(); message.addRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, email); } message.setText(msg); message.setSentDate( new Date() ); Transport.send(message); } catch (Exception e) { String errorMsg = "Could not send email"; logger.error(errorMsg, e); throw new CatalogException("errorMsg", e); } } }
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