5.3.1 Solution of the Loop Equations
5.3.1.1 Hardy Cross Method (Single Loop Adjustment Algorithm)
Hardy Cross introduced this method in 1936 and, although amendable to hand calculations, it is not efficient compared to methods that consider the entire system simultaneously.
5.3.1.2 Simultaneous Loop Equation Solution (Simultaneous Loop Flow Adjustment Algorithm)
Epp and Fowler (1970) presented a more efficient method that simultaneously solves for all loop corrections using the Newton-Raphson method with the corrections as the unknowns.
Epp and Fowler (1970) developed a more efficient approach by simultaneously computing corrections for all loops.
5.3.2 Solution of the Node-Loop Equations (Flow Adjustment Algorithm)
Wood and Rayes (1981) compared a number of solution algorithms with their modified linear theory (flow adjustment) method and showed that this approach was efficient and robust.
Wood and Charles (1972) developed the linear theory (Flow Adjustment) method by coupling the loop equations with the node equations. Wood and Rayes (1981) later showed that a modified linear theory (presented here) exhibits superior convergence characteristics compared with the original linear theory method.
5.3.3 Solution of the Node Equations (Simultaneous Node Adjustment Algorithm)
H. Shamir and Howard (1968) solved these equations using the Newton-Raphson method.
5.3.4 Solution of the Pipe Equations
Haman and Brameller (1972) and Todini and Pilati (1987) devised a method to solve for Q and H simultaneously.
Hamam and Brameller (1972) for gas networks and Todini and Pilati (1987) for water networks wrote conservation of energy for each pipe resulting in a set of npipe equations with the npipe pipe flows and the nnode nodal heads as unknown.
5.3.1.1 Hardy Cross Method (Single Loop Adjustment Algorithm)
Hardy Cross introduced this method in 1936 and, although amendable to hand calculations, it is not efficient compared to methods that consider the entire system simultaneously.
5.3.1.2 Simultaneous Loop Equation Solution (Simultaneous Loop Flow Adjustment Algorithm)
Epp and Fowler (1970) presented a more efficient method that simultaneously solves for all loop corrections using the Newton-Raphson method with the corrections as the unknowns.
Epp and Fowler (1970) developed a more efficient approach by simultaneously computing corrections for all loops.
5.3.2 Solution of the Node-Loop Equations (Flow Adjustment Algorithm)
Wood and Rayes (1981) compared a number of solution algorithms with their modified linear theory (flow adjustment) method and showed that this approach was efficient and robust.
Wood and Charles (1972) developed the linear theory (Flow Adjustment) method by coupling the loop equations with the node equations. Wood and Rayes (1981) later showed that a modified linear theory (presented here) exhibits superior convergence characteristics compared with the original linear theory method.
5.3.3 Solution of the Node Equations (Simultaneous Node Adjustment Algorithm)
H. Shamir and Howard (1968) solved these equations using the Newton-Raphson method.
5.3.4 Solution of the Pipe Equations
Haman and Brameller (1972) and Todini and Pilati (1987) devised a method to solve for Q and H simultaneously.
Hamam and Brameller (1972) for gas networks and Todini and Pilati (1987) for water networks wrote conservation of energy for each pipe resulting in a set of npipe equations with the npipe pipe flows and the nnode nodal heads as unknown.
The method is also known as the hybrid or gradient approach. For additional background on the method, see Osiadacz (1991).
参考书籍：Comprehensive Water Distribution Systems Analysis Handbook for Engineers and Planners.
这本书讲得很清楚，网上只有第5章。
第5章 Network Hydraulics 下载：http://www.mwhsoft.com/bookstore/cwbsa/Chap5.pdf
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