【HTML5】Canvas之globalCompositeOperation属性详解

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本文详细介绍了Canvas中的11种合成操作，包括source-over、destination-over等，并通过实例展示了每种操作的效果。

globalCompositeOperation即Canvas中的合成操作。

1、source-over

这是默认值，他表示绘制的图形将画在现有画布之上

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="source-over"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

2、destination-over

这个操作的值与前一个值相反，所以现在目标绘制在源之上

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="destination-over"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

3、source-atop

这个操作会将源绘制在目标之上，但是在重叠区域上两者都是不透明的。绘制在其他位置的目标是不透明的，但源是透明的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="source-atop"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

4、destination-atop

这个操作与source-atop相反，目标绘制在源之上

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="destination-atop"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

5、source-in

在源于目标重叠的区域只绘制源，而不重叠的部分编程透明的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="source-in"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

6、destination-in

这个操作与source-in相反，在源于目标重叠的区域保留目标。而不重叠的部分都变成透明的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="destination-in"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

7、source-out

在与目标不重叠的区域上绘制源，其他部分都变成透明的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="source-out"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

8、destination-out

在与源不重叠的区域上保留目标。其他部分都变成透明的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="destination-out"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

9、lighter

这个值与顺序无关，如果源与目标重叠，就将两者的颜色值想家。得到的颜色值的最大取值为255，结果就为白色。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="lighter"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

10、copy

这个值与顺序无关，只绘制源，覆盖掉目标。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="copy"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>

11、xor

这个值与顺序无关，只绘制出不重叠的源与目标区域。所有重叠的部分都变成透明的

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
			var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
			context.fillStyle="rgb(63,169,245)";
			context.fillRect(50,50,100,100);
			context.globalCompositeOperation="xor"
			context.fillStyle="rgb(255,123,172)";
			context.fillRect(100,100,100,100);
		});
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<canvas id="myCanvas" width="1000px" height="1000px"></canvas>
	</body>
</html>