search 源码剖析

一：用法解析

函数原型：

equality (1)    
template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
   ForwardIterator1 search (ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
                            ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2);
predicate (2)   
template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
   ForwardIterator1 search (ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
                            ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2,
                            BinaryPredicate pred);

功能：

是否在区间[ first1 , last1 ）找到一个连续区间，和区间[ first2, last2 )完全匹配（默认是完全相等，或者使pred为真），如果找到，返回前者区间的匹配到的第一个元素迭代器；找不到返回last1。注意C++11在源码新加了一句判断返回，如果first2==last2，返回first1，这待会直接看源码会更清晰。

例子：

#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <algorithm>    // std::search
#include <vector>       // std::vector

bool mypredicate (int i, int j) {
  return (i==j);
}

int main () {
  std::vector<int> haystack;

  // set some values:        haystack: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
  for (int i=1; i<10; i++) haystack.push_back(i*10);

  // using default comparison:
  int needle1[] = {40,50,60,70};
  std::vector<int>::iterator it;
  it = std::search (haystack.begin(), haystack.end(), needle1, needle1+4);

  if (it!=haystack.end())
    std::cout << "needle1 found at position " << (it-haystack.begin()) << '\n';
  else
    std::cout << "needle1 not found\n";

  // using predicate comparison:
  int needle2[] = {20,30,50};
  it = std::search (haystack.begin(), haystack.end(), needle2, needle2+3, mypredicate);

  if (it!=haystack.end())
    std::cout << "needle2 found at position " << (it-haystack.begin()) << '\n';
  else
    std::cout << "needle2 not found\n";

  return 0;
}

运行如下：

needle1 found at position 3
needle2 not found

二：源码剖析

// TEMPLATE FUNCTION search WITH PRED
template<class _FwdIt1,
    class _FwdIt2,
    class _Diff1,
    class _Diff2,
    class _Pr> inline
    _FwdIt1 _Search(_FwdIt1 _First1, _FwdIt1 _Last1,
        _FwdIt2 _First2, _FwdIt2 _Last2, _Pr _Pred, _Diff1 *, _Diff2 *,
        forward_iterator_tag, forward_iterator_tag)
    {   // find first [_First2, _Last2) satisfying _Pred, arbitrary iterators
    for (; ; ++_First1)
        {   // loop until match or end of a sequence
        _FwdIt1 _Mid1 = _First1;
        for (_FwdIt2 _Mid2 = _First2; ; ++_Mid1, (void)++_Mid2)
            if (_Mid2 == _Last2)
                return (_First1);
            else if (_Mid1 == _Last1)
                return (_Last1);
            else if (!_Pred(*_Mid1, *_Mid2))
                break;
        }
    }

template<class _FwdIt1,
    class _FwdIt2,
    class _Diff1,
    class _Diff2,
    class _Pr> inline
    _FwdIt1 _Search(_FwdIt1 _First1, _FwdIt1 _Last1,
        _FwdIt2 _First2, _FwdIt2 _Last2, _Pr _Pred, _Diff1 *, _Diff2 *,
        random_access_iterator_tag, random_access_iterator_tag)
    {   // find first [_First2, _Last2) satisfying _Pred, random-access iterators
    _Diff1 _Count1 = _Last1 - _First1;
    _Diff2 _Count2 = _Last2 - _First2;

    for (; _Count2 <= _Count1; ++_First1, (void)--_Count1)
        {   // room for match, try it
        _FwdIt1 _Mid1 = _First1;
        for (_FwdIt2 _Mid2 = _First2; ; ++_Mid1, (void)++_Mid2)
            if (_Mid2 == _Last2)
                return (_First1);
            else if (!_Pred(*_Mid1, *_Mid2))
                break;
        }
    return (_Last1);
    }

template<class _FwdIt1,
    class _FwdIt2,
    class _Pr> inline
    _FwdIt1 search(_FwdIt1 _First1, _FwdIt1 _Last1,
        _FwdIt2 _First2, _FwdIt2 _Last2, _Pr _Pred)
    {   // find first [_First2, _Last2) satisfying _Pred
    _DEBUG_RANGE(_First1, _Last1);
    _DEBUG_RANGE(_First2, _Last2);
    _DEBUG_POINTER_IF(_First1 != _Last1 && _First2 != _Last2, _Pred);
    return (_Rechecked(_First1,
        _Search(_Unchecked(_First1), _Unchecked(_Last1),
            _Unchecked(_First2), _Unchecked(_Last2), _Pred,
            _Dist_type(_First1), _Dist_type(_First2),
            _Iter_cat(_First1), _Iter_cat(_First2))));
    }

        // TEMPLATE FUNCTION search
template<class _FwdIt1,
    class _FwdIt2> inline
    _FwdIt1 search(_FwdIt1 _First1, _FwdIt1 _Last1,
        _FwdIt2 _First2, _FwdIt2 _Last2)
    {   // find first [_First2, _Last2) match
    return (_STD search(_First1, _Last1, _First2, _Last2,
        equal_to<>()));
    }

源码摘抄自Visual Studio 2015安装目录algorithm文件中。

点击进入目录----> C++源码剖析目录