http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-1701789-id-166259.html
进入start_kernel就是进入了kernel启动的主线。其定义在init/main.c里面。start_kernel里面包含了一长串的init代码。看实际代码之前,我来猜一下有哪些需要初始化的:
1. CPU和SMP的初始化的初始化
2. 内存管理的初始化
3. 互斥和同步
4. 进程管理
5. 文件系统
6. 各类总线的初始化
7. 初始化硬件设备
好了,回头看看代码里面到底做了哪些初始化(以下的注解都是望文生义,我会随着以后对于每个模块的源码解读进行更新):
- asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
- {
- char * command_line;
- extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
-
- smp_setup_processor_id(); //确定SMP系统中每个CPU的id
-
- /*
- * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
- * lockdep hash:
- */
- lockdep_init(); //初始化互斥锁的dependency。
- debug_objects_early_init(); //初始化debug kernel相关
-
- /*
- * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
- */
- boot_init_stack_canary(); //stack_canary的是带防止栈溢出攻击保护的堆栈。
-
- cgroup_init_early(); //cgroup是什么??有待查找
-
- local_irq_disable(); //这个太直白了。
- early_boot_irqs_off(); //这个也很直白。
-
- /*
- * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
- * enable them
- */
- tick_init(); //初始化time ticket,时钟
- boot_cpu_init(); //用以启动的CPU进行初始化。也就是初始化CPU0
- page_address_init();//初始化页面
- printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
- setup_arch(&command_line); //CPU架构相关的初始化
- mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task); //初始化内存管理
- setup_command_line(command_line); //处理启动命令行
- setup_nr_cpu_ids(); //nr_cpu_id是什么?
- setup_per_cpu_areas(); //为每个CPU开辟一块区域?
- smp_prepare_boot_cpu();//准备boot_cpu. /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
-
- build_all_zonelists(NULL); //建立什么样的zone??
- page_alloc_init(); //初始化page allocation相关结构
-
- printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
- parse_early_param();
- parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
- __stop___param - __start___param,
- &unknown_bootoption);//解析启动参数
- /*
- * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
- * kmem_cache_init()
- */
- pidhash_init();//初始化process ID hash表
- vfs_caches_init_early(); //文件系统caches预初始化
- sort_main_extable(); //初始化exception table
- trap_init(); //初始化trap,用以处理错误执行代码
- mm_init(); //初始化内存管理
- /*
- * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
- * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
- * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
- */
- sched_init(); //进程调度初始化
- /*
- * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
- * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
- */
- preempt_disable(); //这个是什么东东?
- if (!irqs_disabled()) {
- printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
- "enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
- local_irq_disable();
- }
- rcu_init(); //Read_Copy_Update机制初始
- radix_tree_init(); //什么是radlx_tree
- /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
- early_irq_init();
- init_IRQ(); //初始化中断
- prio_tree_init(); //这是啥?以后要弄懂
- init_timers(); //初始化时钟
- hrtimers_init();//初始化高精时钟
- softirq_init();//初始化软中断
- timekeeping_init();//初始化时钟源
- time_init();//初始化时间例程
- profile_init(); //Profile?这是什么profile?
- if (!irqs_disabled())
- printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
- "enabled early\n");
- early_boot_irqs_on();
- local_irq_enable();
-
- /* Interrupts are enabled now so all GFP allocations are safe. */
- gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
-
- kmem_cache_init_late();//初始化CPU Cache
-
- /*
- * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
- * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
- * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
- */
- console_init(); //初始化console
- if (panic_later)
- panic(panic_later, panic_param);
-
- lockdep_info();
-
- /*
- * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
- * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
- * too:
- */
- locking_selftest(); //自测试锁
-
- #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
- if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
- page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
- printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
- "disabling it.\n",
- page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
- min_low_pfn);
- initrd_start = 0;
- }
- #endif
- page_cgroup_init(); //页面初始
- enable_debug_pagealloc(); //页面分配debug启用
- kmemleak_init(); //memory leak 侦测初始化
- debug_objects_mem_init(); //debug object是什么?
- idr_init_cache(); //idr是什么?
- setup_per_cpu_pageset(); //设置每个CPU的页面集合
- numa_policy_init();// NUMA (Non Uniform Memory Access) policy
- if (late_time_init)
- late_time_init();
- sched_clock_init();//初始化调度时钟
- calibrate_delay(); //协同不同CPU的时钟
- pidmap_init();//pid是process id还是processor id?
- anon_vma_init();//anonymous page?什么意思?
- #ifdef CONFIG_X86
- if (efi_enabled)
- efi_enter_virtual_mode();
- #endif
- thread_info_cache_init(); //初始化thread info
- cred_init(); //credential
- fork_init(totalram_pages); //初始化fork
- proc_caches_init(); //初始化/proc的cache?
- buffer_init(); // buffer
- key_init(); //key
- security_init();//security
- dbg_late_init();//debug
- vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);//文件系统cache初始化
- signals_init();//signal
- /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
- page_writeback_init();page_writeback
- #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
- proc_root_init();
- #endif
- cgroup_init(); //cgroup?
- cpuset_init(); //cpuset
- taskstats_init_early(); //task
- delayacct_init();
-
- check_bugs(); //检查什么bug?
-
- acpi_early_init();//acpi /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
- sfi_init_late(); //simple firmware interface
-
- ftrace_init();
-
- /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
- rest_init();
- }
将这些函数归归类,以后就按照类型来读:
CPU初始化
smp_setup_processor_id()boot_cpu_init()setup_arch(&command_line);setup_nr_cpu_ids()setup_per_cpu_areas()smp_prepare_boot_cpu()setup_per_cpu_pageset();calibrate_delay();cpuset_init();
内存管理初始化
boot_init_stack_canary()page_address_init();mm_init_owner();page_alloc_init();mm_init();rcu_init();kmem_cache_init_late();page_cgroup_init();kmemleak_init();numa_policy_init();anon_vma_init();page_writeback_init();
进程管理
pidhash_init();sched_init();sched_clock_init()pidmap_init();fork_init(totalram_pages);taskstats_init_early();
文件系统
vfs_caches_init_early();thread_info_cache_init();vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
中断
early_irq_init();init_IRQ();softirq_init();
同步互斥
lockdep_init();lockdep_info();locking_selftest();
时钟
tick_init();init_timers();hrtimers_init();timekeeping_init();time_init();
调试
debug_objects_early_init();console_init();enable_debug_pagealloc();debug_objects_mem_init();dbg_late_init();
其他
sort_main_extable();trap_init();efi_enter_virtual_mode();cred_init();proc_caches_init();buffer_init();key_init();security_init();signals_init();proc_root_init();delayacct_init();check_bugs();acpi_early_init();sfi_init_late();
未知
cgroup_init_early();build_all_zonelists(NULL);preempt_disable();radix_tree_init();prio_tree_init();profile_init();idr_init_cache();cgroup_init();ftrace_init();