本系列文章由张同浩编写,转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/muge0913/article/details/7479451
邮箱:muge0913@sina.com
在上次的文章中详细的介绍了几个系统调用,它们最终都是调用了do_fork来实现进程的创建。do_fork主要完成了进程描述符的创建和pid的创建,以及进程描述符的拷贝。
本系列文章所用源码均来自2.6.38.
源码分析如下:
- /*
- * Ok, this is the main fork-routine.
- *
- * It copies the process, and if successful kick-starts
- * it and waits for it to finish using the VM if required.
- */
- /*这部分代码是在2.6.38中实现的*/
- /*参数clone_flags由两部分组成,最低的一个字节为信号掩码,用于指定子进程退出时
- *子进程向父进程发出的信号,通过sys_fork和sys_vfork知道它们的信号就是SIGCHLD,而
- *clone由用户自己决定。对于第二部分表示资源和特性标志位,fork为0,vfork为CLONE_VFORK和CLONE_VM
- *而clone由用户自己定义。
- */
- long do_fork(unsigned long clone_flags,
- unsigned long stack_start,
- struct pt_regs *regs,
- unsigned long stack_size,
- int __user *parent_tidptr,
- int __user *child_tidptr)
- {
- /*定义一个进程描述符*/
- struct task_struct *p;
- int trace = 0;
- long nr;//子进程号
- /*
- * Do some preliminary argument and permissions checking before we
- * actually start allocating stuff
- */
- /*
- *一些必要的检查工作,我们会发现在sys_fork,sys_vfork,kernel_thread中都没有传递CLONE_NEWUSER可见
- *以下这些代码没有执行,这个检查主要是为sys_clone使用的。
- */
- if (clone_flags & CLONE_NEWUSER) {
- if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)//跟踪标志被设置,出错。
- return -EINVAL;
- /* hopefully this check will go away when userns support is
- * complete
- */
- if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) || !capable(CAP_SETUID) ||
- !capable(CAP_SETGID))
- return -EPERM;
- }
- /*
- * We hope to recycle these flags after 2.6.26
- */
- /*这些代码也是就一些检查工作*/
- if (unlikely(clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED)) {
- static int __read_mostly count = 100;
- if (count > 0 && printk_ratelimit()) {
- char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN];
- count--;
- printk(KERN_INFO "fork(): process `%s' used deprecated "
- "clone flags 0x%lx\n",
- get_task_comm(comm, current),
- clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED);
- }
- }
- /*
- * When called from kernel_thread, don't do user tracing stuff.
- */
- if (likely(user_mode(regs)))
- trace = tracehook_prepare_clone(clone_flags);
- /*copy_process来完成具体进程的创建,在系统资源丰富的条件下,来完成进程描述符的拷贝,当然进程号不同*/
- p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, regs, stack_size,
- child_tidptr, NULL, trace);
- /*
- *调用完copy_process后如果没有指定CLONE_STOPPED就会调用下面的wake_up_new_task把新建的进程放到
- *运行队列中。如果父子进程在同一个cpu中运行,且在没有设置CLONE_VM标志,则会采用写实复制技术,把子进程放到
- *父进程的前面,如果子进程调用了exec就会避免一系列不必要的复制操作。
- */
- /*
- * Do this prior waking up the new thread - the thread pointer
- * might get invalid after that point, if the thread exits quickly.
- */
- /*IS_ERR()判断p是否正确*/
- if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
- /*进程描述符创建成功后,根据clone_flags来设置进程状态*/
- struct completion vfork;
- trace_sched_process_fork(current, p);
- nr = task_pid_vnr(p);
- /*
- *在sys_fork,sys_vfork,kernel_thread中没有CLONE_PARENT_SETTID且parent_tidptr=NULL
- *为sys_clone使用
- */
- if (clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT_SETTID)
- put_user(nr, parent_tidptr);
- /*
- *sys_fork 或 sys_clone检查的,如果设置了就把父进程放进等待队列中
- */
- if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) {
- p->vfork_done = &vfork;
- init_completion(&vfork);
- }
- audit_finish_fork(p);
- tracehook_report_clone(regs, clone_flags, nr, p);
- /*
- * We set PF_STARTING at creation in case tracing wants to
- * use this to distinguish a fully live task from one that
- * hasn't gotten to tracehook_report_clone() yet. Now we
- * clear it and set the child going.
- */
- p->flags &= ~PF_STARTING;
- if (unlikely(clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED)) {
- /*
- * We'll start up with an immediate SIGSTOP.
- */
- sigaddset(&p->pending.signal, SIGSTOP);
- set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SIGPENDING);
- __set_task_state(p, TASK_STOPPED);
- } else {
- wake_up_new_task(p, clone_flags);
- }
- tracehook_report_clone_complete(trace, regs,
- clone_flags, nr, p);
- if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) {
- freezer_do_not_count();
- wait_for_completion(&vfork);//等待队列
- freezer_count();
- tracehook_report_vfork_done(p, nr);
- }
- } else {
- nr = PTR_ERR(p);
- }
- return nr;
- }