Oracle数据恢复顾问（DRA）

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-12 11:14:13 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-08-12 11:14:13 发布
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分类专栏： Oracle database 文章标签： Oracle数据恢复顾问 DRA RMAN Data Recovery Adviso
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参考：Data Recovery Advisor - RMAN command line example (文档 ID 762339.1)

数据恢复顾问（Data Recovery Advisor）是一款Oracle数据库工具。该工具会自动诊断数据故障，确定并提出相应修复方案，并执行客户要求的修复。以上修复是基于数据故障是一个硬盘上持久性数据的损坏或者丢失。

数据恢复顾问会在遇到问题时，自动采集数据故障信息，并且，协助执行对于故障的修复。你可以手动修复一个数据故障，或者要求数据恢复顾问来为你执行修复动作。

DRA可以通过企业管理器（EM）Grid Control和/或者恢复管理器（RMAN）来访问。本文将概述在RMAN中使用的命令，结合Oracle MOS和自己的测试。

在RMAN中，有四种DRA的命令：

  • List Failure - 列出先前执行过的故障评估结果。可能的话，重新验证现有故障并关闭它们。
  • Advise Failure - 提出手动和自动修复方案。
  • Repair Failure - 通过运行由ADVISE FAILURE建议的最佳修复方案来自动修复故障。完成之后会重新验证现有故障。
  • Change Failure - 使你可以改变故障的状态。

    下面通过两个例子来说明DRA工具的用法

    在测试之前使用RMAN对数据库进行全备

    场景一、模拟控制文件丢失

    关闭数据库，mv掉controlfile

    [ora_tst@test rman]$ mv /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf.bak

    启动数据库，报错

    SQL> startup
    ORACLE instance started.

    Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2166536 bytes
    Variable Size             427819256 bytes
    Database Buffers          624951296 bytes
    Redo Buffers               14000128 bytes
    ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

    告警日志中错误提示：

    ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
    ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
    ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf'
    ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
    Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

    很容易可以发现是由于cntrl01.dbf丢失导致数据库无法mount

    下面通过DRA来检测故障，并修复

    [ora_tst@test ~]$ rman target /

    Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.7.0 - Production on Mon Apr 21 13:35:09 2014

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

    connected to target database: TEST (not mounted)

    RMAN> list failure;

    using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    782        CRITICAL OPEN      21-APR-14     Control file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf is missing

    通过list failure命令可以发现故障所在，使用list failure ### detail;  ( where ### equlas the failure number)可以查看故障的详细信息。

    RMAN> list failure 782 detail;

    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    782        CRITICAL OPEN      21-APR-14     Control file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf is missing
      Impact: Database cannot be mounted

    下面可以通过advise failure;命令让Oracle告诉我们遇到这个故障，应该怎么做

    RMAN> advise failure;

    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    782        CRITICAL OPEN      21-APR-14     Control file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf is missing
      Impact: Database cannot be mounted

    analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
    allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=383 device type=DISK
    RMAN-06495: must explicitly specify DBID with SET DBID command
    analyzing automatic repair options complete

    Mandatory Manual Actions
    ========================
    no manual actions available

    Optional Manual Actions
    =======================
    no manual actions available

    Automated Repair Options
    ========================
    Option Repair Description
    ------ ------------------
    1      Use a multiplexed copy to restore control file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf 
      Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
      Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_2401635629.hm

    advise failure命令提示，我们可以通过拷贝冗余的controlfile来恢复出cntrl01.dbf，并且Oracle在/u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_2401635629.hm中给出具体的恢复脚本

    恢复脚本，我们还可以通过repair failure preview命令来获得

    RMAN> repair failure preview;

    Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
    Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_2401635629.hm

    contents of repair script:
       # restore control file using multiplexed copy
       restore controlfile from '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl02.dbf';
       sql 'alter database mount';

    Oracle提示我们运行

       restore controlfile from '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl02.dbf';
       sql 'alter database mount';

    命令来恢复cntrl01.dbf

    执行上述命令

    RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl02.dbf';

    Starting restore at 21-APR-14
    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy
    output file name=/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl01.dbf
    output file name=/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl02.dbf
    output file name=/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/cntrl03.dbf
    Finished restore at 21-APR-14

    RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';

    sql statement: alter database mount
    released channel: ORA_DISK_1

    这里我是手工执行的脚本，也可以通过

    RMAN> repair failure;

    来自动修复故障。

    数据库起到了mount状态，说明故障修复成功。

    RMAN> sql 'alter database open';

    sql statement: alter database open

    场景二、数据文件丢失

    关闭数据库

    [ora_tst@test trace]$ mv /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf.bak

    SQL> startup
    ORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specified
    ORACLE instance started.

    Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2166536 bytes
    Variable Size             427819256 bytes
    Database Buffers          624951296 bytes
    Redo Buffers               14000128 bytes
    Database mounted.
    ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 401 - see DBWR trace file
    ORA-01110: data file 401: '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf'

    启动数据库时报错，查看告警日志，如下：

    ALTER DATABASE OPEN
    Errors in file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/trace/TEST_dbw0_27581.trc:
    ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 401 - see DBWR trace file
    ORA-01110: data file 401: '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf'
    ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
    Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

    下面通过DRA来查看故障，并解决

    RMAN> list failure;

    using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    825        HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     One or more non-system datafiles are missing

    RMAN> list failure 825 detail;

    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    825        HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     One or more non-system datafiles are missing
      Impact: See impact for individual child failures
      List of child failures for parent failure ID 825
      Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
      ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
      828        HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     Datafile 401: '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf' is missing
        Impact: Some objects in tablespace APPS_TS_TX_DATA might be unavailable

    通过命令很明显的可以发现故障所在。

    RMAN> advise failure;

    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    825        HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     One or more non-system datafiles are missing
      Impact: See impact for individual child failures
      List of child failures for parent failure ID 825
      Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
      ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
      828        HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     Datafile 401: '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf' is missing
        Impact: Some objects in tablespace APPS_TS_TX_DATA might be unavailable

    analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
    allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=382 device type=DISK
    analyzing automatic repair options complete

    Mandatory Manual Actions
    ========================
    no manual actions available

    Optional Manual Actions
    =======================
    1. If file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
    2. If a standby database is available, then consider a Data Guard switchover or failover

    Automated Repair Options
    ========================
    Option Repair Description
    ------ ------------------
    1      Restore and recover datafile 401 
      Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
      Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_556356707.hm

    Oracle告诉我们/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf文件renamed或者moved需要恢复，Restore and recover datafile 401。

    RMAN> repair failure preview;

    Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
    Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_556356707.hm

    contents of repair script:
       # restore and recover datafile
       restore datafile 401;
       recover datafile 401;

    可通过

       restore datafile 401;
       recover datafile 401;

    来恢复datafile 401。本次测试通过repair failure;命令来自动修改故障

    RMAN> repair failure;

     Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
    Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_556356707.hm

    contents of repair script:
       # restore and recover datafile
       restore datafile 401;
       recover datafile 401;

    Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? YES
    " YES" is an invalid response - please re-enter.

    Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? YES
    executing repair script

    Starting restore at 21-APR-14
    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
    channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00401 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_txn_data02.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/dbs/0ep69g7a_1_1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/dbs/0ep69g7a_1_1 tag=TAG20140421T110305
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:05:35
    Finished restore at 21-APR-14

    Starting recover at 21-APR-14
    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    starting media recovery

    archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_22_825013351.arc
    channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
    archived log thread=1 sequence=21
    channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/dbs/0fp69laa_1_1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/dbs/0fp69laa_1_1 tag=TAG20140421T123001
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
    archived log file name=/u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_21_825013351.arc thread=1 sequence=21
    media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
    Finished recover at 21-APR-14
    repair failure complete

    Do you want to open the database (enter YES or NO)? YES
    database opened

     

    场景三、日志组丢失

    关闭数据库

    删除非当前日志组所有的日志文件

    [ora_tst@test trace]$ rm -f /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01b.dbf

    [ora_tst@test trace]$ rm -f /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01a.dbf

    SQL> startup
    ORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specified
    ORACLE instance started.

    Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2166536 bytes
    Variable Size             427819256 bytes
    Database Buffers          624951296 bytes
    Redo Buffers               14000128 bytes
    Database mounted.
    ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
    ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01b.dbf'
    ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
    Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
    Additional information: 3
    ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01a.dbf'
    ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
    Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
    Additional information: 3

    启动数据库时报错

    使用DRA修复上述故障

    RMAN> list failure;

    using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    999        CRITICAL OPEN      21-APR-14     Redo log group 1 is unavailable
    1005       HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     Redo log file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01a.dbf is missing
    1002       HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     Redo log file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01b.dbf is missing

    RMAN> advise failure;

    List of Database Failures
    =========================

    Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
    ---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
    999        CRITICAL OPEN      21-APR-14     Redo log group 1 is unavailable
    1005       HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     Redo log file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01a.dbf is missing
    1002       HIGH     OPEN      21-APR-14     Redo log file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01b.dbf is missing

    analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
    allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=381 device type=DISK
    analyzing automatic repair options complete

    Mandatory Manual Actions
    ========================
    no manual actions available

    Optional Manual Actions
    =======================
    1. If file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01a.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
    2. If file /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/log01b.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
    3. If a standby database is available, then consider a Data Guard switchover or failover

    Automated Repair Options
    ========================
    Option Repair Description
    ------ ------------------
    1      Perform incomplete database recovery to SCN 5965141836565 
      Strategy: The repair includes point-in-time recovery with some data loss
      Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_3499717585.hm

    RMAN> repair failure preview;

    Strategy: The repair includes point-in-time recovery with some data loss
    Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_3499717585.hm

    contents of repair script:
       # database point-in-time recovery
       restore database until scn 5965141836565;
       recover database until scn 5965141836565;
       alter database open resetlogs;

    RMAN> repair failure;

    Strategy: The repair includes point-in-time recovery with some data loss
    Repair script: /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/admin/TEST_test/diag/rdbms/test/TEST/hm/reco_3499717585.hm

    contents of repair script:
       # database point-in-time recovery
       restore database until scn 5965141836565;
       recover database until scn 5965141836565;
       alter database open resetlogs;

    Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? YES
    executing repair script

    Starting restore at 21-APR-14
    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
    channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/system01.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/system02.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/system03.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/system04.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/system05.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/ctxd01.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/owad01.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_queue02.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/odm.dbf

    ................................

     

    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00407 to /u01/oracle/TEST/db/apps_st/data/a_ref02.dbf
    channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/dbs/0ep69g7a_1_1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/oracle/TEST/db/tech_st/11.1.0/dbs/0ep69g7a_1_1 tag=TAG20140421T110305
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 01:16:04
    Finished restore at 21-APR-14

    Starting recover at 21-APR-14
    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    starting media recovery

    archived log for thread 1 with sequence 21 is already on disk as file /u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_21_825013351.arc
    archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_22_825013351.arc
    archived log for thread 1 with sequence 23 is already on disk as file /u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_23_825013351.arc
    archived log for thread 1 with sequence 24 is already on disk as file /u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_24_825013351.arc
    archived log file name=/u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_21_825013351.arc thread=1 sequence=21
    archived log file name=/u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_22_825013351.arc thread=1 sequence=22
    archived log file name=/u01/PROD/db/apps_st/data/archive/ARC1_23_825013351.arc thread=1 sequence=23
    media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:19
    Finished recover at 21-APR-14

    database opened
    repair failure complete

                           

     

枫哦哦哦哦哦
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环境介绍：系统：Linux     版本：centos6.8数据库：Oracle    版本：11.2.0.1实验故障：oracle数据库系统文件损坏，或是系统文件所在磁盘损坏。故障处理：用oracle自带的DRA（Data Recovery Advisor）数据恢复顾问恢复数据。在恢复之前数据库一定要对数据库做一次全库的完整备份，备份工具RMAN，备份过程不再详细介绍，详见以下rman脚本：ba...
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Oracle数据恢复顾问（DRA）使用测试
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基本ATMEL MEGA1芯片开发的数字电视补点器模块监管系统
支持AVS+， DRA的VLC播放器
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1.支持国标AVS+， DRA 2. 支持H264.H265 3. AC3等格式 4. 直接解压运行， 无需安装
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生产运作管理案例分析题库及答案案例1近年来，在全球电脑市场不景气的大环境下，戴尔却始终保持着较高的收益，并且不断增加市场份额。我们习惯于给成功者贴上“标签式”的成功秘笈，正如谈及沃尔玛成就商业王国时，“天天低价”被我们挂在嘴边；论及戴尔的成功之道，几乎是众口一词地归结为“直销模式”。 戴尔成功的诀窍在哪儿？该公司分管物流配送的副总裁迪克·亨特一语道破天机：“我们只保存可供5天生产的存货，而我们的竞争对手则保存30天、45天，甚至90天的存货。这就是区别。”由于材料成本每周就会有1%的贬值，因此库存天数对产品
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Oracle Data Recovery Advisor（DRA) 数据恢复顾问 ...
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一．Data Recovery Advisor(DRA) 说明1.1 DRA 说明DRA在遇到错误时会自动收集数据故障信息。此外，它还能预先检查故障。在此模式中，它可以在数据库进程发现损坏并发送错误消息之前检测和分析数据故障（请注意，修复始终在人为控制之下进行）。数据故障可能非常严重。例如，如果缺少最新的日志文件，则无法启动数据库。一些数据故障（如数据文件中的块损坏）不是灾难性故障，因为...
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以下是我看见的两篇文章，我觉的不错在此装载下，希望对你有用哈！！ 1. 恢复delete掉的表中数据 select * from sys.smon_scn_time t order by t.time_dpdesc;  --scn与时间的对应关系  每隔5分钟，系统产生一次系统时间标记与scn的匹配并存入sys.smon_scn_time表。  select * from
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ciqu9915的博客
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上篇我们介绍了Oracle 11g的Data Recover Advisor（DRA）特性，并且给出了一个在启动过程出错故障的演示。本篇我们继续看数据库执行过程中，问题过程修复。 4、运行过程中故障 在运行过程中...
footprint expert生成dra文件
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首先，我们需要准备好需要生成DRA文件的相关设计数据。这包括电路板的设计文件、封装库以及材料清单等。这些数据需要被导入到Footprint Expert软件中，以便后续处理。 接着，通过Footprint Expert软件进行设计规则...

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