JSP验证码

    首先，在web.xml里设置一个servlet，代码如下：

     < servlet >
         < servlet - name > codeservlet </ servlet - name >
         < servlet - class > test.CodeServlet </ servlet - class >
       </ servlet >

       < servlet - mapping >
         < servlet - name > codeservlet </ servlet - name >
         < url - pattern >/ imgCodeTest </ url - pattern >
       </ servlet - mapping >

     然后新建一个包：test，新建一个类：CodeServlet，其代码如下：

package  test;

import  java.awt.Color;
import  java.awt.Font;
import  java.awt.Graphics2D;
import  java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import  java.io.IOException;
import  java.util.Random;

import  javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import  javax.servlet.ServletException;
import  javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public   class  CodeServlet  extends  HttpServlet ... {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=gb2312";

    /** *//**
     * 验证码的宽度
     */
    private int width = 70;

    /** *//**
     * 验证码的高度
     */
    private int height = 20;

    /** *//**
     * 生成由数字和字母随机组成的图片
     */
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, java.io.IOException ...{
        BufferedImage buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D g = buffImg.createGraphics();
        
        Random random = new Random();                        //生成一个随机数
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);                            //设置背景颜色
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);                    //填充一个矩形

        Font font = new Font("Arial Black", Font.PLAIN, 18);
        g.setFont(font);                                    //设置字体

        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);            //绘制边框
        
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        
        // 随机产生100条干扰线，使图像中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) ...{
            int x = random.nextInt(width);
            int y = random.nextInt(height);
            int x1 = random.nextInt(10);
            int y1 = random.nextInt(10);
            g.drawLine(x, y, x + x1, y + y1);
        }

        StringBuffer randomCode = new StringBuffer();        //用于保存随机产生的验证码
        int red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0;
        
        // 随机产生四位数的验证码
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) ...{
            //得到单个验证码
            String strRand = String.valueOf(this.getSignCode(random.nextInt()));
            
            //随机生成颜色值，使生成的字符验证码颜色各不相同
            red = random.nextInt(200);
            green = random.nextInt(200);
            blue = random.nextInt(20);
            
            // 用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中
            g.setColor(new Color(red+20, green+20, blue+200));
            g.drawString(strRand, 15 * i + 8, 16);
            
            // 将产生的四个随机字符组合在一起
            randomCode.append(strRand);
        }
        
        // 将四位数字的验证码保存到Session里面
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("checkCode", randomCode.toString());
        
        // 禁止图像缓存
        resp.setHeader("Prama", "no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Coche-Control", "no-cache");
        resp.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        
        // 将图像输出到Servelt输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = resp.getOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos);
        sos.close();
    }

    /** *//**
     * 随机生成单个字符
     * @param num 随机生成的一个整数
     * @return 单个数字或字母
     */
    public char getSignCode(int num) ...{
        Random random = new Random();                    //生成一个随机数
        int scope = 0;                                    //设定生成字符的范围，48为数字，65是大写字母
        char code = ' ';                                //随机生成的单个数字或字母
        
        if(num % 2 == 0)...{                                //传递过来的参数是偶数，就生成一个数字
            scope = 48;
            code = (char)(scope + random.nextInt(10));    //从0到9中随机生成一个数字            
        }else...{                                            //传递过来的参数是奇数，就生成一个字母
            scope = 65;
            code = (char)(scope + random.nextInt(26));    //随机生成一个大写字母
        }
        
        return code;
    }
    
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException ...{
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException ...{
        response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);
    }
}

    接着，在struts-config.xml里添加Form和Action，代码如下：

< form - bean name = " loginForm "  type = " org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm " >
             < form - property name = " code "  type = " java.lang.String " />
             < form - property name = " username "  type = " java.lang.String " />
             < form - property name = " password "  type = " java.lang.String " />
         </ form - bean >

< action path = " /login "  type = " test.LoginAction "  name = " loginForm " >
               < forward name = " success "  path = " /main.jsp " />
               < forward name = " fail "  path = " /index.jsp " />
     </ action >

    在test包里添加一个Action：LoginAction.java，代码如下：

package  test;

import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import  org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import  org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import  org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import  org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import  org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;

public   class  LoginAction  extends  Action ... {
    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws Exception ...{
        String checkCode = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("checkCode");
        DynaActionForm df = (DynaActionForm)form;
        
        String username = df.getString("username");
        String password = df.getString("password");
        String code = (String)df.get("code");
        
        if(!code.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode))...{
            request.setAttribute("wrong1","验证码不正确");
            return mapping.findForward("fail");
        }
        if(!username.trim().equals("lin") || !password.trim().equals("123"))...{
            request.setAttribute("wrong2","用户名称或登录密码错误！");
            return mapping.findForward("fail");
        }

        return mapping.findForward("success");
    }
}

    最后是两个JSP页面，登录时的页面index.jsp和登录成功页面main.jsp

<% @page contentType = " text/html;charset=gb2312 " %>
<% @ taglib uri = " /tags/struts-bean "  prefix = " bean " %>
<% @ taglib uri = " /tags/struts-logic "  prefix = " logic " %>
< html >
< head >
< title > 验证码  --  测试 </ title >
< script >
<!--
function check()
... {
    if(document.form.username.value == "" || document.form.password.value == "")
    ...{
        alert("用户名或密码不能为空");
        document.form.username.focus();
        return false;
    }
    document.form.submit();
}
function look()  ... {
    if(event.keyCode==13) ...{    //回车
        check();
    }
}     
document.onkeydown = look;
-->
</ script >
</ head >

< body onload = " document.form.username.focus(); "  bgcolor = " #E0F0F8 " >

< logic:notEmpty name = " wrong1 "  scope = " request " >
     < script >
        alert( " 验证码填写错误！ " );
     </ script >
</ logic:notEmpty >
< logic:notEmpty name = " wrong2 "  scope = " request " >
     < script >
        alert( " 用户名称或登录密码错误！ " );
     </ script >
</ logic:notEmpty >

   < table width = " 100% "  align = " center "  bgcolor = " #E0F0F8 "  cellpadding = " 0 "  cellspacing = " 0 " >
     < tr height = " 40% " >
       < td align = " center " >
         < form id = " form "  name = " form "  method = " post "  action = " login.do " >
         < table bordercolor = " darkkhaki "  border = " 8 "  width = " 400 "  height = " 180 "  cellpadding = " 0 "  cellspacing = " 0 " >
           < tr >
             < td align = " left "  valign = " middle " >
             < table width = " 80% "  border = " 0 "  align = " center "  cellpadding = " 0 "  cellspacing = " 3 " >
               < tr >
                 < td width = " 35% " >< div align = " right " > 用户名称： </ div ></ td >
                 < td colspan = " 3 " >< input name = " username "  type = " text "  size = " 15 " /></ td >
               </ tr >
               < tr >
                 < td >< div align = " right " > 登陆密码： </ div ></ td >
                 < td colspan = " 3 " >< input name = " password "  type = " password "  size = " 15 "   /></ td >
               </ tr >
               < tr >
                 < td >< div align = " right " > 验 证 码： </ div ></ td >
                 < td width = " 14% " >< input name = " code "  type = " text "  size = " 6 " /></ td >
                 < td width = " 22% " >< div align = " left " >< img id = " redom "  src = " imgCodeTest " /></ div ></ td >
                 < td width = " 29% " >< div align = " left " >< a href = " # "  onclick = " javascript:document.getElementById('redom').src='imgCodeTest'; " > 看不清楚 </ a ></ div ></ td >
               </ tr >
               < tr >
                 < td colspan = " 4 " >
                 < div align = " center " >
                   < input type = " button "  value = " 登    陆 "  onclick = " check(); " />
                 </ div >
                 </ td >
               </ tr >
             </ table >
             </ td >
           </ tr >
         </ table >
         </ form >
       </ td >
     </ tr >
   </ table >
</ body >
</ html >

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC  " -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN " >
<% @ page language = " java "  contentType = " text/html; charset=gb2312 "   %>

< html >
< head >
   < meta http - equiv = " Content-Type "  content = " text/html; charset=gb2312 "   />
   < title > 欢迎 </ title >
</ head >
< body bgcolor = " #E0F0F8 " >
< br />
< br />
< p align = " center "  style = " height:200px;color:blue; " > 验证码验证成功！ </ p >
</ body >
</ html >

     至此，大功告成！在程序中，只是简单地设定了用户名和密码，没有通过数据库来检测，有意者可以自己添加上去，比较简单。
    如有问题，请留言给我，大家一起探讨，一起成长！