akka学习教程(十一) akka持久化

akka系列文章目录

本文内容来自于官网文档示例: AKKA Persistence

Akka持久化简介

Akka持久化可以使有状态的actor能够保持其内部状态,以便在启动、JVM崩溃后重新启动、或在集群中迁移时,恢复它们的内部状态。 Akka持久性关键点在于,只有对actor内部状态的更改才会被持久化,而不会直接保持其当前状态(可选快照除外)。 这些更改只会追加到存储,没有任何修改,这允许非常高的事务速率和高效的复制。 通过加载持久化的数据Stateful actors可以重建内部状态。 这可以是所有修改的完整历史记录,也可以从一个快照开始,这可以显着减少恢复时间。 Akka持久性还提供至少一次消息传递语义的点对点通信。【翻译与官方文档】

接下来将官方文档的示例运行一遍

依赖与配置

引入persistence依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
    <artifactId>akka-persistence_2.11</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.16</version>
</dependency>

Akka持久性扩展依赖一些内置持久性插件,包括基于内存堆的日志,基于本地文件系统的快照存储和基于LevelDB的日志

基于LevelDB的插件将需要以下附加的依赖声明:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.iq80.leveldb</groupId>
  <artifactId>leveldb</artifactId>
  <version>0.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.fusesource.leveldbjni</groupId>
  <artifactId>leveldbjni-all</artifactId>
  <version>1.8</version>
</dependency>

不过本文没有使用leveldb。

添加配置文件

这里需要配置持久化使用到的配置信息journal

  • 默认情况下,持久化actor或视图将使用在reference.conf配置资源的以下部分中配置的“default”日志和快照存储插件。
  • 注意,在这种情况下,actor或视图只覆盖persistenceId方法。
  • 当持久化actor或视图覆盖journalPluginId和snapshotPluginId方法时,actor或视图将由这些特定的持久性插件提供服务,而不是默认值。

reference.conf

akka {
  loglevel = "INFO"
}

akka.persistence.journal.plugin = "akka.persistence.journal.inmem"
# Absolute path to the default snapshot store plugin configuration entry.
akka.persistence.snapshot-store.plugin = "akka.persistence.snapshot-store.local"

上代码

package akka.serializable;

import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
import akka.event.Logging;
import akka.event.LoggingAdapter;
import akka.persistence.SnapshotOffer;
import akka.persistence.UntypedPersistentActor;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.UUID;

import static java.util.Arrays.asList;

class Cmd implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private final String data;

    public Cmd(String data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public String getData() {
        return data;
    }
}

class Evt implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private final String data;
    private final String uuid;

    public Evt(String data, String uuid) {
        this.data = data;
        this.uuid = uuid;
    }

    public String getUuid() {
        return uuid;
    }

    public String getData() {
        return data;
    }
}

class ExampleState implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private final ArrayList<String> events;

    public ExampleState() {
        this(new ArrayList<String>());
    }

    public ExampleState(ArrayList<String> events) {
        this.events = events;
    }

    public ExampleState copy() {
        return new ExampleState(new ArrayList<String>(events));
    }

    public void update(Evt evt) {
        events.add(evt.getData());
    }

    public int size() {
        return events.size();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return events.toString();
    }
}

class ExamplePersistentActor extends UntypedPersistentActor {

    LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().system (), this );

    @Override
    public String persistenceId() { return "sample-id-1"; }

    private ExampleState state = new ExampleState();

    public int getNumEvents() {
        return state.size();
    }

    /**
     * Called on restart. Loads from Snapshot first, and then replays Journal Events to update state.
     * @param msg
     */
    @Override
    public void onReceiveRecover(Object msg) {
        log.info("onReceiveRecover: " + JSON.toJSONString(msg));
        if (msg instanceof Evt) {
            log.info("onReceiveRecover -- msg instanceof Event");
            log.info("event --- " + ((Evt) msg).getData());
            state.update((Evt) msg);
        } else if (msg instanceof SnapshotOffer) {
            log.info("onReceiveRecover -- msg instanceof SnapshotOffer");
            state = (ExampleState)((SnapshotOffer)msg).snapshot();
        } else {
          unhandled(msg);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called on Command dispatch
     * @param msg
     */
    @Override
    public void onReceiveCommand(Object msg) {
        log.info("onReceiveCommand: " + JSON.toJSONString(msg));
        if (msg instanceof Cmd) {
            final String data = ((Cmd)msg).getData();

            // generate an event we will persist after being enriched with a uuid
            final Evt evt1 = new Evt(data + "-" + getNumEvents(), UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            final Evt evt2 = new Evt(data + "-" + (getNumEvents() + 1), UUID.randomUUID().toString());

            // persist event and THEN update the state of the processor
            persistAll(asList(evt1, evt2), evt -> {
                state.update(evt);
                if (evt.equals(evt2)) {
                    // broadcast event on eventstream 发布该事件
                    getContext().system().eventStream().publish(evt);
                }
            });
        } else if (msg.equals("snap")) {
            // IMPORTANT: create a copy of snapshot
            // because ExampleState is mutable !!!
            saveSnapshot(state.copy());
        } else if (msg.equals("print")) {
            System.out.println("state:  " + state);
        } else {
          unhandled(msg);
        }
    }
}

class EventHandler extends UntypedActor {


    LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().system(), this);

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Object msg ) throws Exception {
        log.info( "Handled Event: " + JSON.toJSONString(msg));
    }
}

main方法

package akka.serializable;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import akka.actor.ActorRef;
import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
import akka.actor.Props;


public class MainTest {

  public static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(System.class);

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {

    final ActorSystem actorSystem = ActorSystem.create("actor-server");

    final ActorRef handler = actorSystem.actorOf(Props.create(EventHandler. class));
    // 订阅
    actorSystem.eventStream().subscribe(handler , Evt.class);

    Thread.sleep(5000);

    final ActorRef actorRef = actorSystem.actorOf(Props.create(ExamplePersistentActor. class), "eventsourcing-processor" );

    actorRef.tell( new Cmd("CMD 1" ), null);
    actorRef.tell( new Cmd("CMD 2" ), null);
    actorRef.tell( new Cmd("CMD 3" ), null);
    actorRef.tell( "snap", null );//发送保存快照命令
    actorRef.tell( new Cmd("CMD 4" ), null);
    actorRef.tell( new Cmd("CMD 5" ), null);
    actorRef.tell( "print", null );

    Thread.sleep(5000);

    log.info( "Actor System Shutdown Starting..." );

    actorSystem.shutdown();
  }
}

运行结果:

[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.526] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-5] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveRecover: {}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.526] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-5] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveRecover -- msg instanceof SnapshotOffer
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.560] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-5] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveRecover: {"instance":{"$ref":"@"}}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.565] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-5] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: {"data":"CMD 1"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.591] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-5] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: {"data":"CMD 2"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.592] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-6] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: {"data":"CMD 3"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.593] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-8] [akka://actor-server/user/$a] Handled Event: {"data":"CMD 1-37","uuid":"fe0fca08-a415-425d-b618-c730b117ca7d"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.594] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-6] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: "snap"
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.595] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-8] [akka://actor-server/user/$a] Handled Event: {"data":"CMD 2-39","uuid":"76fbf9e8-befd-40f4-a4fe-49b5698c7c7d"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.595] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-8] [akka://actor-server/user/$a] Handled Event: {"data":"CMD 3-41","uuid":"3b9f70c2-83c5-47d3-9f0a-4710905c3cfe"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.595] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-6] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: {"data":"CMD 4"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.596] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-5] [akka://actor-server/user/$a] Handled Event: {"data":"CMD 4-43","uuid":"f8bb1e7e-716e-4f3c-9d81-e4570e0501c0"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.596] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-8] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: {"data":"CMD 5"}
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.597] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-5] [akka://actor-server/user/$a] Handled Event: {"data":"CMD 5-45","uuid":"574f9cdf-59f3-421c-8337-df8a50c95ee6"}
state:  [CMD 1-0, CMD 1-1, CMD 2-2, CMD 2-3, CMD 3-4, CMD 3-5, CMD 1-6, CMD 1-7, CMD 2-8, CMD 2-9, CMD 3-10, CMD 3-11, CMD 1-12, CMD 1-13, CMD 2-14, CMD 2-15, CMD 3-16, CMD 3-17, CMD 1-18, CMD 1-19, CMD 2-20, CMD 2-21, CMD 3-22, CMD 3-23, CMD 1-24, CMD 1-25, CMD 2-26, CMD 2-27, CMD 3-28, CMD 3-29, CMD 1-30, CMD 1-31, CMD 2-32, CMD 2-33, CMD 3-34, CMD 3-35, CMD 1-36, CMD 1-37, CMD 2-38, CMD 2-39, CMD 3-40, CMD 3-41, CMD 4-42, CMD 4-43, CMD 5-44, CMD 5-45]
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.598] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-8] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: "print"
[INFO] [01/17/2017 16:16:02.613] [actor-server-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-15] [akka://actor-server/user/eventsourcing-processor] onReceiveCommand: {}
2017-01-17 16:16:06.835 [main            ] INFO  System                  - Actor System Shutdown Starting...

Process finished with exit code 0

这里注意:如果再次执行该程序,系统会首先恢复上次处理器的状态。本程序中会首先恢复快照中的状态然后是其他的状态。
快照使得处理器的状态持久化更加高效。

假如现在运行结果是酱紫的:
state:  [
CMD 1-0, CMD 1-1, 
CMD 2-2, CMD 2-3, 
CMD 3-4, CMD 3-5, 

CMD 1-6, CMD 1-7, 
CMD 2-8, CMD 2-9, 
CMD 3-10, CMD 3-11, 
CMD 4-12, CMD 4-13, 
CMD 5-14, CMD 5-15]

在运行一次,结果就是酱紫的:

state:  [
CMD 1-0, CMD 1-1, 
CMD 2-2, CMD 2-3, 
CMD 3-4, CMD 3-5, 

CMD 1-6, CMD 1-7, 
CMD 2-8, CMD 2-9, 
CMD 3-10, CMD 3-11, 

CMD 1-12, CMD 1-13, 
CMD 2-14, CMD 2-15, 
CMD 3-16, CMD 3-17, 
CMD 4-18, CMD 4-19, 
CMD 5-20, CMD 5-21]

由于我们采用的是默认的持久化策略,会持久化到本地磁盘,进入项目统计目录下,会看到文件夹snapshots:
这里写图片描述

参考资料

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