Java密码学原型算法实现——第一部分：标准Hash算法

题注

从博客中看出来我是个比较钟爱Java的应用密码学研究者。虽然C在密码学中有不可替代的优势：速度快，但是，Java的可移植性使得开发人员可以很快地将代码移植到各个平台，这比C实现要方便的多。尤其是Android平台的出现，Java的应用也就越来越广。因此，我本人在密码学研究过程中实际上也在逐渐使用和封装一些知名的Java密码学库，主要是方便自己使用。

Java JDK实际上自带了密码学库，支持几乎所有通用密码学原型的实现。然而，自带密码库有几个缺点：第一，由于版权问题，其并不支持全部的密码学原型，如256位的AES加密等等。第二，Java JDK的使用并非特别的方便。因此，我现在基本上在使用另一个知名的Java密码学库：Bouncy Castle，其官方网址为：http://www.bouncycastle.org/java.html。

但是，现在网上对于Bouncy Castle的介绍实在是有点少，而且每个人写的代码都不太一样，绝大多数人共享的代码只是为了个人使用，复用性并不是很强。因此，我现在在逐渐编写一些复用性比较强的封装，从而方便在自己设计的公钥加密、签名等体制中调用。

第一部分的实现是标准Hash算法。这一实现使用的是Java JDK，但是使用了Bouncy Castle的工具库实现Byte和String的一些转换。

一些Util封装

在进入正题前，我先介绍一下自己引用或者实现的一些Util封装，这些封装会方便我进行下一步的实现。不管使用的方便与否，各位看官凑合着看，凑合着用，如果有任何可以改进的地方还请给我发邮件，我的邮箱是footman_900217@126.com。

In.java

这个In.java，包括下面的Out.java、StdIn.java以及StdOut.java都是从Princeton的算法公开课中使用的库函数。他们对Java的原始输入输出进行了进一步的封装，我个人认为非常好用。当然了，在实现过程中大家也可以使用JDK自带的函数库。Princeton的开发者们实际上对于其库函数封装了一个统一的jar文件，称为stdlib.jar。大家可以直接在工程中引用这个jar文件，或者下载源代码并放置在工程中。我是选择了后者，这主要是为了方便工程向Android中的移植，避免了jar文件引用过程中可能出现的一些错误。所有的源代码可以从下面的链接中下载到：http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/home/。为了方便使用，在此我附上代码，但是注意这些代码的原始版权为Princeton大学。

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Scanner;


/**
 *  <i>Input</i>. This class provides methods for reading strings
 *  and numbers from standard input, file input, URL, and socket.
 *  <p>
 *  The Locale used is: language = English, country = US. This is consistent
 *  with the formatting conventions with Java floating-point literals,
 *  command-line arguments (via <tt>Double.parseDouble()</tt>)
 *  and standard output (via <tt>System.out.print()</tt>). It ensures that
 *  standard input works the number formatting used in the textbook.
 *  <p>
 *  For additional documentation, see <a href="http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/31datatype">Section 3.1</a> of
 *  <i>Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach</i> by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
 */
public final class In {
    private Scanner scanner;

    // assume Unicode UTF-8 encoding
    private final static String charsetName = "UTF-8";

    // private final static String charsetName = "ISO-8859-1";

    // assume language = English, country = US for consistency with System.out.
    private Locale usLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

   /**
     * Create an input stream for standard input.
     */
    public In() {
        scanner = new Scanner(new BufferedInputStream(System.in), charsetName);
        scanner.useLocale(usLocale);
    }

   /**
     * Create an input stream from a socket.
     */
    public In(Socket socket) {
        try {
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            scanner = new Scanner(new BufferedInputStream(is), charsetName);
            scanner.useLocale(usLocale);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.err.println("Could not open " + socket);
        }
    }

   /**
     * Create an input stream from a URL.
     */
    public In(URL url) {
        try {
            URLConnection site = url.openConnection();
            InputStream is     = site.getInputStream();
            scanner            = new Scanner(new BufferedInputStream(is), charsetName);
            scanner.useLocale(usLocale);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.err.println("Could not open " + url);
        }
    }

   /**
     * Create an input stream from a file.
     */
    public In(File file) {

        try {
            scanner = new Scanner(file, charsetName);
            scanner.useLocale(usLocale);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.err.println("Could not open " + file);
        }
    }


   /**
     * Create an input stream from a filename or web page name.
     */
    public In(String s) {

        try {
            // first try to read file from local file system
            File file = new File(s);
            if (file.exists()) {
                scanner = new Scanner(file, charsetName);
                scanner.useLocale(usLocale);
                return;
            }

            // next try for files included in jar
            URL url = getClass().getResource(s);

            // or URL from web
            if (url == null) { url = new URL(s); }

            URLConnection site = url.openConnection();
            InputStream is     = site.getInputStream();
            scanner            = new Scanner(new BufferedInputStream(is), charsetName);
            scanner.useLocale(usLocale);
        }
        catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.err.println("Could not open " + s);
        }
    }

   /**
     * Does the input stream exist?
     */
    public boolean exists()  {
        return scanner != null;
    }

   /**
     * Is the input stream empty?
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return !scanner.hasNext();
    }

   /**
     * Does the input stream have a next line?
     */
    public boolean hasNextLine() {
        return scanner.hasNextLine();
    }

   /**
     * Read and return the next line.
     */
    public String readLine() {
        String line;
        try                 { line = scanner.nextLine(); }
        catch (Exception e) { line = null;               }
        return line;
    }

   /**
     * Read and return the next character.
     */
    public char readChar() {
        // (?s) for DOTALL mode so . matches any character, including a line termination character
        // 1 says look only one character ahead
        // consider precompiling the pattern
        String s = scanner.findWithinHorizon("(?s).", 1);
        return s.charAt(0);
    }



    // return rest of input as string
   /**
     * Read and return the remainder of the input as a string.
     */
    public String readAll() {
        if (!scanner.hasNextLine()) { return null; }

        // reference: http://weblogs.java.net/blog/pat/archive/2004/10/stupid_scanner_1.html
        return scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
    }



   /**
     * Return the next string from the input stream.
     */
    public String  readString() {
        return scanner.next();
    }

   /**
     * Return the next int from the input stream.
     */
    public int readInt() {
        return scanner.nextInt();
    }

   /**
     * Return the next double from the input stream.
     */
    public double readDouble() {
        return scanner.nextDouble();
    }

   /**
     * Return the next float from the input stream.
     */
    public double readFloat() {
        return scanner.nextFloat();
    }

   /**
     * Return the next long from the input stream.
     */
    public long readLong() {
        return scanner.nextLong();
    }

   /**
     * Return the next byte from the input stream.
     */
    public byte readByte() {
        return scanner.nextByte();
    }


   /**
     * Return the next boolean from the input stream, allowing "true" or "1"
     * for true and "false" or "0" for false.
     */
    public boolean readBoolean() {
        String s = readString();
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))  return true;
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("false")) return false;
        if (s.equals("1"))               return true;
        if (s.equals("0"))               return false;
        throw new java.util.InputMismatchException();
    }

   /**
     * Read ints from file
     */
    public static int[] readInts(String filename) {
        In in = new In(filename);
        String[] fields = in.readAll().trim().split("\\s+");
        int[] vals = new int[fields.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
            vals[i] = Integer.parseInt(fields[i]);
        return vals;
    }

   /**
     * Read doubles from file
     */
    public static double[] readDoubles(String filename) {
        In in = new In(filename);
        String[] fields = in.readAll().trim().split("\\s+");
        double[] vals = new double[fields.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++