Android基础--创建模块化接口笔记

         这是一个简单的复用Fragment的小案例，比较基础，需要熟练，我们常常使用Fragment来显示一些UI控件，但是Fragment 不必像Activity一样一定要拥有一个UI控件。如果不复写onCreateView(),Fragment可以作为一个纯粹的数据源或者其他模块而存在。这种机制可以很好地将应用程序中的模型部分进行模块化处理，因为FragmentManager会使得Fragment之间的访问变得简单。

          案例描述：用三个fragmeng演示一个简单的概要-详情类的应用程序，宿主Fragment显示一个用户可以访问的网站列表，详情Fragment则通过一个WebView来显示选中网站列表条目后的详细URL信息。第三个Fragment是没有UI界面的，它用来为其他Fragment提供模型数据。

       

DataFragment.java

       

**
 * 封装应用程序的数据逻辑
 */
public class DataFragment extends Fragment {
    public static String TAG= DataFragment.class.getSimpleName();
    public static class DataItem{
        private String mName;
        private String mUrl;
        public DataItem(String mName, String mUrl) {
            this.mName = mName;
            this.mUrl = mUrl;
        }
        public String getmName() {
            return mName;
        }
        public String getmUrl() {
            return mUrl;
        }
    }
    //用来创建新的实例
    public static DataFragment newInstance(){
        return new DataFragment();
    }
    private ArrayList<DataItem>  mDataSet;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //构建初始化数据
        mDataSet = new ArrayList<DataItem>();
        mDataSet.add(new DataItem("Baidu", "https://www.baidu.com"));
        mDataSet.add(new DataItem("CSDN", "http://www.csdn.net"));
        mDataSet.add(new DataItem("Android", "http://www.android.com"));
    }
        public ArrayList<DataItem> getLatestData(){
            return mDataSet;
        }
}

      宿主MasterFragment.java

 

/**
 * 宿主视图Fragment
 */
public class MasterFragment extends DialogFragment implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {
public static String TAG= MasterFragment.class.getSimpleName();
   /*
   * 回调接口，用来将选择的数据反馈给父Activity
   * */
    public interface  OnItemSelectedListener{
        void onDataItemSelected(DataFragment.DataItem selected);
   }
    //用来创建实例
   public static MasterFragment newInstance(){
       return new MasterFragment();
   }
    private ArrayAdapter<DataFragment.DataItem> mAdapter;
    private OnItemSelectedListener mItemSelectedListener;
/*
* 连接监听器接口，并且确保我们要关联的Activity支持该接口
* */
    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        try {
            mItemSelectedListener= (OnItemSelectedListener) activity;
        }catch (ClassCastException e){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Activity must implement OnItemSelectedListener");
        }
    }
    /*
    * 构建一个自定义适配器来显示数据模型中的name字段
    * */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mAdapter=new ArrayAdapter<DataFragment.DataItem>(getActivity(),
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1){
            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                View row=convertView;
                if(row==null){
                    row=LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,
                            parent,false);
                }
                DataFragment.DataItem item = getItem(position);
                TextView tv = (TextView) row.findViewById(android.R.id.text1);
                tv.setText(item.getmName());
                return row;
            }
        };
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ListView list = new ListView(getActivity());
        list.setOnItemClickListener(this);
        list.setAdapter(mAdapter);
        return list;
    }
    /*
    * 可以直接访问要显示的对话框，设置对话框的标题
    * */
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        Dialog dialog = super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);
        dialog.setTitle("Select a title");
        return dialog;
    }
    /*
    * 从DataFrament中得到最新的数据信息
    * */
    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        //获得最新数据列表
        DataFragment fragment= (DataFragment) getFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentByTag(DataFragment.TAG);
        if(fragment!=null){
            mAdapter.clear();
            for(DataFragment.DataItem item:fragment.getLatestData()){
                mAdapter.add(item);
            }
            mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        //通知Activity
        mItemSelectedListener.onDataItemSelected(mAdapter.getItem(position));
        //如果对话框显示的，则隐藏它
        //在fragment嵌入到某个视图的情况下，这个方法返回false;
        boolean showsDialog = getShowsDialog();
        if(showsDialog){
            dismiss();
        }
    }
}

DetailFragment.java

   
       

/**
 * 详情视图.
 */
public class DetailFragment extends Fragment {
    private WebView mWebView;
    /*
    *自定义web客户端启用进度显示。
    * */
    private WebViewClient mWebViewClient=new WebViewClient(){
        @Override
        public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url, Bitmap favicon) {
            getActivity().setProgressBarVisibility(true);
        }
        @Override
        public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
            getActivity().setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
        }
    };
    //设置一个显示的WebView
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        setRetainInstance(true);
        mWebView=new WebView(getActivity());
        mWebView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
        mWebView.setWebViewClient(mWebViewClient);
        return mWebView;
    }
    //外部方法，用来将一个新的网站内容加载到视图
    public void loadUrl(String url){
       mWebView.loadUrl(url);
    }
}

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements MasterFragment.OnItemSelectedListener {
    public static String TAG= MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
    private MasterFragment mMaster;
    private DetailFragment mDetail;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //窗口上启用一个进度条
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
        //加载数据Fragment
        DataFragment fragment = (DataFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentByTag(DataFragment.TAG);
        if(fragment==null){
            fragment=DataFragment.newInstance();
            //保存这个实例
            fragment.setRetainInstance(true);
            //通过一个tag而不是一个容器id关联fragment
            FragmentTransaction ft=
                    getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            ft.add(fragment,DataFragment.TAG);
            ft.commit();
        }
        mDetail= (DetailFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_detail);
        mDetail.setRetainInstance(true);
        //或者嵌入到宿主fragment,直接作为dialog显示。
        mMaster=MasterFragment.newInstance();
        //如果存在容器视图，嵌入fragment
        View container=findViewById(R.id.fragment_master);
        if(container !=null){
            FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            ft.add(R.id.fragment_master,mMaster);
            ft.commit();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onDataItemSelected(DataFragment.DataItem selected) {
        String s = selected.getmUrl();
         //显示详情信息
        mDetail.loadUrl(selected.getmUrl());
    }
    //Button点击事件
    public void onShowClick(View v){
        mMaster.show(getSupportFragmentManager(),null);
    }
}