本文学习内容来自传智博客struts教程。
1.属性封装
作用:
直接把表单提交属性封装到action的属性里面
步骤:
(1)在action中声明成员变量,变量名称和表单输入项的名称一样
(2)生成变量的set方法。
缺点:
数据只是放在属性中,并没有放到对象中去。
(1)action类:
package data;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class DataDemo1Action extends ActionSupport {
private String username;
private String password;
private String address;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("username:"+username+"password:"+password+"address:"+address);
return NONE;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
(2)struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="demo1" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="book" class="action.BookAction">
<!-- chain: 转发 ,页面会发生改变,网址不发生改变,仍然为 http://127.0.0.1:8080/strutslearn2All/book -->
<result name="success" type="chain">orders</result>
</action>
<action name="orders" class="action.OrdersAction">
<result name="success">/HelloOrder.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="demo2" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="data1" class="data.DataDemo1Action"></action>
</package>
</struts>
(3)data1.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data1.action" method="post">
username:<input type="text" name="username"/>
<br/>
password:<input type="text" name="password"/>
<br/>
address:<input type="text" name="address"/>
<br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
2.模型驱动封装
作用:
使用模型驱动封装,可以直接把表单属性封装到实体类对象里面
实现步骤:
(1)action实现接口ModelDriven
(2)实现接口里面的getModel()方法
把创建对象返回
(3)在action里面创建实体类对象
要求:
表单输入项的name属性值和实体类属性名称一样。
(1)action类:
package data;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import entity.User;
public class DataDemo2Action extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User> {
//创建对象
private User user = new User();
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user);
return NONE;
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user;
}
}
(2)struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="demo1" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="book" class="action.BookAction">
<!-- chain: 转发 ,页面会发生改变,网址不发生改变,仍然为 http://127.0.0.1:8080/strutslearn2All/book -->
<result name="success" type="chain">orders</result>
</action>
<action name="orders" class="action.OrdersAction">
<result name="success">/HelloOrder.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="demo2" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="data2" class="data.DataDemo2Action"></action>
</package>
</struts>
(3)data2.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data2.action" method="post">
username:<input type="text" name="username"/>
<br/>
password:<input type="text" name="password"/>
<br/>
address:<input type="text" name="address"/>
<br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
(4)实体类:
package entity;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String address;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
3.表达式封装
作用
使用表达式封装可以将表单数据封装到实体类里面
步骤
1.在action中声明实体类
2.生成实体类变量的set方法
3.在表单输入项的name属性值里面写表达式形式。
(1)action类
package data;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import entity.Book;
import entity.User;
public class DataDemo3Action extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
private Book book;
public Book getBook() {
return book;
}
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println(book);
return NONE;
}
}
(2)book实体类
package entity;
public class Book {
private String bookname;
public String getBookname() {
return bookname;
}
public void setBookname(String bookname) {
this.bookname = bookname;
}
}
(3)dat3.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data3.action" method="post">
username:<input type="text" name="user.username" />
<br/>
password:<input type="text" name="user.password" />
<br/>
address:<input type="text" name="user.address" />
<br/>
bookname:<input type="text" name="book.bookname"/>
<br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
(4)struts文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="demo1" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="book" class="action.BookAction">
<!-- chain: 转发 ,页面会发生改变,网址不发生改变,仍然为 http://127.0.0.1:8080/strutslearn2All/book -->
<result name="success" type="chain">orders</result>
</action>
<action name="orders" class="action.OrdersAction">
<result name="success">/HelloOrder.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="demo2" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="data3" class="data.DataDemo3Action"></action>
</package>
</struts>
4.代码总体架构
4.使用以上封装要注意的问题
(1)同一个action中,不能同时使用属性封装和模型驱动封装获取同一个表单数据。如果同时使用,则框架只会使用模型驱动。
(2)模型驱动与表达式封装的不同:
1.使用模型驱动只能把数据封装到一个实体类对象里面。
在一个action里面不能把模型驱动封装到不同的实体类对象里面。
2.表达式封装可以把数据封装到不同的对象中去。