c语言在发展的历程中经历了c89和c99两个标准,为了实现c语言的跨平台的优点,就是在windows和Linux以及Unix上都可以执行,就需要进行一些跨平台的技巧了,但是不但c语言的标准多种多样,并且c语言的编译器也有很多种,gcc,lcc,vc++等,比如:对于int型有的编译器赋予4个字节,有的赋予2个字节。再次我给大家介绍一个好的技巧,就是inttypes.h头文件,这个头文件一般在编译器里边都有,#include<inttypes.h>以后就可以直接根据字节数目来定义变量而不是通过其他的.
以下是这个头文件在gcc编译器的代码,其他的类似
- bash-3.00$ vi int_types.h
- "int_types.h" [Read only] 176 lines, 4367 characters
- /*
- * Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
- * Use is subject to license terms.
- */
- #ifndef _SYS_INT_TYPES_H
- #define _SYS_INT_TYPES_H
- #pragma ident "@(#)int_types.h 1.10 04/09/28 SMI"
- /*
- * This file, <sys/int_types.h>, is part of the Sun Microsystems implementation
- * of <inttypes.h> defined in the ISO C standard, ISO/IEC 9899:1999
- * Programming language - C.
- *
- * Programs/Modules should not directly include this file. Access to the
- * types defined in this file should be through the inclusion of one of the
- * following files:
- *
- * <sys/types.h> Provides only the "_t" types defined in this
- * file which is a subset of the contents of
- * <inttypes.h>. (This can be appropriate for
- * all programs/modules except those claiming
- * ANSI-C conformance.)
- *
- * <sys/inttypes.h> Provides the Kernel and Driver appropriate
- * components of <inttypes.h>.
- *
- * <inttypes.h> For use by applications.
- *
- * See these files for more details.
- */
- #include <sys/feature_tests.h>
- #ifdef __cplusplus
- extern "C" {
- #endif
- /*
- * Basic / Extended integer types
- *
- * The following defines the basic fixed-size integer types.
- *
- * Implementations are free to typedef them to Standard C integer types or
- * extensions that they support. If an implementation does not support one
- * of the particular integer data types below, then it should not define the
- * typedefs and macros corresponding to that data type. Note that int8_t
- * is not defined in -Xs mode on ISAs for which the ABI specifies "char"
- * as an unsigned entity because there is no way to define an eight bit
- * signed integral.
- */
- #if defined(_CHAR_IS_SIGNED)
- typedef char int8_t;
- #else
- #if defined(__STDC__)
- typedef signed char int8_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- typedef short int16_t;
- typedef int int32_t;
- #ifdef _LP64
- #define _INT64_TYPE
- typedef long int64_t;
- #else /* _ILP32 */
- #if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
- #define _INT64_TYPE
- typedef long long int64_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
- typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
- typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
- #ifdef _LP64
- typedef unsigned long uint64_t;
- #else /* _ILP32 */
- #if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
- typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- /*
- * intmax_t and uintmax_t are to be the longest (in number of bits) signed
- * and unsigned integer types supported by the implementation.
- */
- #if defined(_INT64_TYPE)
- typedef int64_t intmax_t;
- typedef uint64_t uintmax_t;
- #else
- typedef int32_t intmax_t;
- typedef uint32_t uintmax_t;
- #endif
- /*
- * intptr_t and uintptr_t are signed and unsigned integer types large enough
- * to hold any data pointer; that is, data pointers can be assigned into or
- * from these integer types without losing precision.
- */
- #if defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx)
- typedef long intptr_t;
- typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
- #else
- typedef int intptr_t;
- typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;
- #endif
- /*
- * The following define the fastest integer types that can hold the
- * specified number of bits.
- */
- #if defined(_CHAR_IS_SIGNED)
- typedef char int_fast8_t;
- #else
- #if defined(__STDC__)
- typedef signed char int_fast8_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- typedef int int_fast16_t;
- typedef int int_fast32_t;
- #ifdef _LP64
- typedef long int_fast64_t;
- #else /* _ILP32 */
- #if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
- typedef long long int_fast64_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- typedef unsigned char uint_fast8_t;
- typedef unsigned int uint_fast16_t;
- typedef unsigned int uint_fast32_t;
- #ifdef _LP64
- typedef unsigned long uint_fast64_t;
- #else /* _ILP32 */
- #if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
- typedef unsigned long long uint_fast64_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- /*
- * The following define the smallest integer types that can hold the
- * specified number of bits.
- */
- #if defined(_CHAR_IS_SIGNED)
- typedef char int_least8_t;
- #else
- #if defined(__STDC__)
- typedef signed char int_least8_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- typedef short int_least16_t;
- typedef int int_least32_t;
- #ifdef _LP64
- typedef long int_least64_t;
- #else /* _ILP32 */
- #if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
- typedef long long int_least64_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- typedef unsigned char uint_least8_t;
- typedef unsigned short uint_least16_t;
- typedef unsigned int uint_least32_t;
- #ifdef _LP64
- typedef unsigned long uint_least64_t;
- #else /* _ILP32 */
- #if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
- typedef unsigned long long uint_least64_t;
- #endif
- #endif
- #ifdef __cplusplus
- }
- #endif
- #endif /* _SYS_INT_TYPES_H */