Tomcat探秘（5）：tomcat关闭过程详述

在上一篇文章中，我们对tomcat的启动过程进行了简单的说明，在这篇文章中将对关闭过程进行简单的说明。

关闭tomcat一般我们都是采用的是：

./shutdown.sh

我们打开这个脚本文件，看看里面的具体实现：

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Stop script for the CATALINA Server
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac

# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0"

while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
    PRG="$link"
  else
    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
  fi
done

PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh

# Check that target executable exists
if $os400; then
  # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
  # 1. owned by the user
  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
  eval
else
  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
    exit 1
  fi
fi

exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" stop "$@"

从上面可以看出，其实和启动脚本没什么区别，最终调用的都是catalina.sh，只是传递给catalina.sh的参数不一样，之前传递的是start，而这里传递的是stop，仅此而已。而catalina.sh在接收到stop参数后，会进入到相应的条件分支：

............
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then

  shift

  SLEEP=5
  if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
    echo $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
      SLEEP=$1
      shift
    fi
  fi

  FORCE=0
  if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then
    shift
    FORCE=1
  fi

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
        kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
          echo "PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted."
          exit 1
        fi
      else
        echo "PID file is empty and has been ignored."
      fi
    else
      echo "\$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted."
      exit 1
    fi
  fi

  eval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \
    -Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
    -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
    -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
    -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
    org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop

  # stop failed. Shutdown port disabled? Try a normal kill.
  if [ $? != 0 ]; then
    if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      echo "The stop command failed. Attempting to signal the process to stop through OS signal."
      kill -15 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
    fi
  fi

  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      while [ $SLEEP -ge 0 ]; do
        kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
          rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
          if [ $? != 0 ]; then
            if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
              cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
              # If Tomcat has stopped don't try and force a stop with an empty PID file
              FORCE=0
            else
              echo "The PID file could not be removed or cleared."
            fi
          fi
          echo "Tomcat stopped."
          break
        fi
        if [ $SLEEP -gt 0 ]; then
          sleep 1
        fi
        if [ $SLEEP -eq 0 ]; then
          echo "Tomcat did not stop in time."
          if [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
            echo "PID file was not removed."
          fi
          echo "To aid diagnostics a thread dump has been written to standard out."
          kill -3 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
        fi
        SLEEP=`expr $SLEEP - 1 `
      done
    fi
  fi

  KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=5
  if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then
    if [ -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
      echo "Kill failed: \$CATALINA_PID not set"
    else
      if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
        PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
        echo "Killing Tomcat with the PID: $PID"
        kill -9 $PID
        while [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -ge 0 ]; do
            kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
            if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
                rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
                if [ $? != 0 ]; then
                    if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                        cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
                    else
                        echo "The PID file could not be removed."
                    fi
                fi
                echo "The Tomcat process has been killed."
                break
            fi
            if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then
                sleep 1
            fi
            KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=`expr $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL - 1 `
        done
        if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -lt 0 ]; then
            echo "Tomcat has not been killed completely yet. The process might be waiting on some system call or might be UNINTERRUPTIBLE."
        fi
      fi
    fi
  fi

elif ......

从上面的脚本中可以看到，最终执行的是

org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop

也就是调用了Bootstrap类，并且传递了stop方法，我们下面看看这个类又是怎么处理这个传入参数的：

在main方法中发现有这么一段：

} else if (command.equals("stop")) {
                daemon.stopServer(args);
            }

所以，其实是调用了Bootstrap类的stopServer(args)方法，但是在上面这段代码之前其实还有一个过程，跟启动过程一样先判断Bootstrap类有没有初始化，如果没有则进行初始化，具体过程可以参看上一篇文章。下面直接从 stopServer(args)开始说起。

/**
     * Stop the standalone server.
     */
    public void stopServer(String[] arguments)
        throws Exception {

        Object param[];
        Class<?> paramTypes[];
        if (arguments==null || arguments.length==0) {
            paramTypes = null;
            param = null;
        } else {
            paramTypes = new Class[1];
            paramTypes[0] = arguments.getClass();
            param = new Object[1];
            param[0] = arguments;
        }
        Method method =
            catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod("stopServer", paramTypes);
        method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, param);

    }

从代码看，应该是调用了catalinaDaemon对象（Catalina类型）的stopServer方法，我们具体看看这个方法：

public void stopServer(String[] arguments) {

        if (arguments != null) {
            arguments(arguments);
        }

        Server s = getServer();
        if( s == null ) {
            // Create and execute our Digester
            Digester digester = createStopDigester();
            File file = configFile();
            FileInputStream fis = null;
            try {
                InputSource is =
                    new InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString());
                fis = new FileInputStream(file);
                is.setByteStream(fis);
                digester.push(this);
                digester.parse(is);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("Catalina.stop: ", e);
                System.exit(1);
            } finally {
                if (fis != null) {
                    try {
                        fis.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Server object already present. Must be running as a service
            try {
                s.stop();
            } catch (LifecycleException e) {
                log.error("Catalina.stop: ", e);
            }
            return;
        }

        // Stop the existing server
        s = getServer();
        if (s.getPort()>0) {
            Socket socket = null;
            OutputStream stream = null;
            try {
                socket = new Socket(s.getAddress(), s.getPort());
                stream = socket.getOutputStream();
                String shutdown = s.getShutdown();
                for (int i = 0; i < shutdown.length(); i++) {
                    stream.write(shutdown.charAt(i));
                }
                stream.flush();
            } catch (ConnectException ce) {
                log.error(sm.getString("catalina.stopServer.connectException",
                                       s.getAddress(),
                                       String.valueOf(s.getPort())));
                log.error("Catalina.stop: ", ce);
                System.exit(1);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error("Catalina.stop: ", e);
                System.exit(1);
            } finally {
                if (stream != null) {
                    try {
                        stream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
                if (socket != null) {
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            log.error(sm.getString("catalina.stopServer"));
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

从上面的代码可以看出，大概过程应该是这样的：判断是否有Server对象，如果没有则像tomcat启动一样创建一个Degister去解析server.xml文件获取相关启动的端口配置信息等，然后根据解析到的配置，向指定的启动端口创建Socket连接并发送一个SHUTDOWN的命令（启动服务的时候，从上一篇文章可以看出其实tomcat一直在监听指定端口，随时接收用户发送的SHUTDOWN命令），从而起到关闭tomcat服务的目的，最后释放各种资源；如果一开始判断就有了Server对象，则直接调用Server对象（标准实现为StandardServer）的stop方法关闭服务。

接下来，我们看看stop方法：

/**
     * Stop an existing server instance.
     */
    public void stop() {

        try {
            // Remove the ShutdownHook first so that server.stop()
            // doesn't get invoked twice
            if (useShutdownHook) {
                Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(shutdownHook);

                // If JULI is being used, re-enable JULI's shutdown to ensure
                // log messages are not lost
                LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
                if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
                    ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                            true);
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
            // This will fail on JDK 1.2. Ignoring, as Tomcat can run
            // fine without the shutdown hook.
        }

        // Shut down the server
        try {
            Server s = getServer();
            LifecycleState state = s.getState();
            if (LifecycleState.STOPPING_PREP.compareTo(state) <= 0
                    && LifecycleState.DESTROYED.compareTo(state) >= 0) {
                // Nothing to do. stop() was already called
            } else {
                s.stop();
                s.destroy();
            }
        } catch (LifecycleException e) {
            log.error("Catalina.stop", e);
        }

    }

从代码看出，首先主动移除了tomcat初始化过程中创建的关闭钩子，因为关闭钩子主要是考虑到异常情况下退出时释放资源，而在这里主动关闭服务已经可以正常的进行释放资源了，为了避免两次释放，所以首先移除了关闭钩子。紧接着，判断当前服务组件Server的状态，如何符合关闭的条件，则进行服务的关闭和资源释放工作。

至此，整个tomcat的启动和关闭服务的业务逻辑我们简单的说明了一下，至于其中的细节将在后面细说，谢谢。