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近来看了一下有关CRC校验的内容,这里做个笔记.
CRC有关的RFC , 可以参考
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1952.html
crc的本质主要是XOR异或运算.
32位crc,一般使用查表法来处理, 速度也比较快. 代码示例如下:
8. Appendix: Sample CRC Code
The following sample code represents a practical implementation of
the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). (See also ISO 3309 and ITU-T V.42
for a formal specification.)
The sample code is in the ANSI C programming language. Non C users
may find it easier to read with these hints:
& Bitwise AND operator.
^ Bitwise exclusive-OR operator.
>> Bitwise right shift operator. When applied to an
unsigned quantity, as here, right shift inserts zero
bit(s) at the left.
! Logical NOT operator.
++ "n++" increments the variable n.
0xNNN 0x introduces a hexadecimal (base 16) constant.
Suffix L indicates a long value (at least 32 bits).
/* Table of CRCs of all 8-bit messages. */
unsigned long crc_table[256];
/* Flag: has the table been computed? Initially false. */
int crc_table_computed = 0;
/* Make the table for a fast CRC. */
void make_crc_table(void)
{
unsigned long c;
int n, k;
for (n = 0; n < 256; n++) {
c = (unsigned long) n;
for (k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
if (c & 1) {
c = 0xedb88320L ^ (c >> 1);
} else {
c = c >> 1;
}
}
crc_table[n] = c;
}
crc_table_computed = 1;
}
/*
Update a running crc with the bytes buf[0..len-1] and return
the updated crc. The crc should be initialized to zero. Pre- and
post-conditioning (one's complement) is performed within this
function so it shouldn't be done by the caller. Usage example:
unsigned long crc = 0L;
while (read_buffer(buffer, length) != EOF) {
crc = update_crc(crc, buffer, length);
}
if (crc != original_crc) error();
*/
unsigned long update_crc(unsigned long crc,
unsigned char *buf, int len)
{
unsigned long c = crc ^ 0xffffffffL;
int n;
if (!crc_table_computed)
make_crc_table();
for (n = 0; n < len; n++) {
c = crc_table[(c ^ buf[n]) & 0xff] ^ (c >> 8);
}
return c ^ 0xffffffffL;
}
/* Return the CRC of the bytes buf[0..len-1]. */
unsigned long crc(unsigned char *buf, int len)
{
return update_crc(0L, buf, len);
}
The following sample code represents a practical implementation of
the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). (See also ISO 3309 and ITU-T V.42
for a formal specification.)
The sample code is in the ANSI C programming language. Non C users
may find it easier to read with these hints:
& Bitwise AND operator.
^ Bitwise exclusive-OR operator.
>> Bitwise right shift operator. When applied to an
unsigned quantity, as here, right shift inserts zero
bit(s) at the left.
! Logical NOT operator.
++ "n++" increments the variable n.
0xNNN 0x introduces a hexadecimal (base 16) constant.
Suffix L indicates a long value (at least 32 bits).
/* Table of CRCs of all 8-bit messages. */
unsigned long crc_table[256];
/* Flag: has the table been computed? Initially false. */
int crc_table_computed = 0;
/* Make the table for a fast CRC. */
void make_crc_table(void)
{
unsigned long c;
int n, k;
for (n = 0; n < 256; n++) {
c = (unsigned long) n;
for (k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
if (c & 1) {
c = 0xedb88320L ^ (c >> 1);
} else {
c = c >> 1;
}
}
crc_table[n] = c;
}
crc_table_computed = 1;
}
/*
Update a running crc with the bytes buf[0..len-1] and return
the updated crc. The crc should be initialized to zero. Pre- and
post-conditioning (one's complement) is performed within this
function so it shouldn't be done by the caller. Usage example:
unsigned long crc = 0L;
while (read_buffer(buffer, length) != EOF) {
crc = update_crc(crc, buffer, length);
}
if (crc != original_crc) error();
*/
unsigned long update_crc(unsigned long crc,
unsigned char *buf, int len)
{
unsigned long c = crc ^ 0xffffffffL;
int n;
if (!crc_table_computed)
make_crc_table();
for (n = 0; n < len; n++) {
c = crc_table[(c ^ buf[n]) & 0xff] ^ (c >> 8);
}
return c ^ 0xffffffffL;
}
/* Return the CRC of the bytes buf[0..len-1]. */
unsigned long crc(unsigned char *buf, int len)
{
return update_crc(0L, buf, len);
}
crc校验,除了一般的用途, 还有其他用途.
比如监视一个目录中的文件是否发生变化, 可以将文件名name与最后modified time时间做成一个字串name-time, 然后将这个字串算一下crc, 将所有文件的crc都算好后, 最后对比上次的crc, 就可以看出文件修改时间是否已经变化.这个时候crc就变成了一个监视的标记,好处是不管文件个数是多少, 在你的代码里是须记录单个文件信息的,而且增加文件和删除文件也都能看到crc有变化.