这里主要用Java网络编程的基础用法,实现了这样一个功能:定义一个多线程下载工具类,并通过主程序调用其download()
方法从网上下载指定文件,包含了多线程下载的核心代码,算得上是最佳实践啦!
先上看代码,定义一个多线程下载工具类如下
package com.demo.networkprogram;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class DownUtil {
// 定义下载资源的路径
private String path;
// 指定所下载的文件的保存位置
private String targetFile;
// 定义需要使用多少个线程下载资源
private int threadNum;
// 定义下载的线程对象
private DownThread[] threads;
// 定义下载的文件总大小
private int fileSize;
public DownUtil(String path, String targetFile, int threadNum) {
this.path = path;
this.threadNum = threadNum;
// 初始化threads数组
threads = new DownThread[threadNum];
this.targetFile = targetFile;
}
public void download() throws Exception {
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg"
+ "application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, "
+ "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, "
+ "application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, "
+ "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
conn.setRequestProperty("CharSet", "UTF-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
// 得到文件大小
fileSize = conn.getContentLength();
conn.disconnect();
int currentPartSize = fileSize / threadNum + 1;
RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(targetFile, "rw");
// 设置本地文件的大小
file.setLength(fileSize);
file.close();
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
// 计算每个线程下载的开始位置
int startPos = i * currentPartSize;
// 每个线程使用一个RandomAccessFile进行下载
RandomAccessFile currentPart = new RandomAccessFile(targetFile, "rw");
// 定位该线程的下载位置
currentPart.seek(startPos);
// 创建下载线程
threads[i] = new DownThread(startPos, currentPartSize, currentPart);
// 启动下载线程
threads[i].start();
}
}
// 获取下载完成的百分比
public double getCompleteRate() {
// 统计多个线程已经下载的总大小
int sumSize = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
sumSize += threads[i].length;
}
// 返回已经完成的百分比
return sumSize * 1.0 / fileSize;
}
private class DownThread extends Thread {
// 当前线程的下载位置
private int startPos;
// 定义当前线程负责下载的文件大小
private int currentPartSize;
// 当前线程需要下载的文件块
private RandomAccessFile currentPart;
public int length;
public DownThread(int startPos, int currentPartSize, RandomAccessFile currentPart) {
this.startPos = startPos;
this.currentPart = currentPart;
this.currentPartSize = currentPartSize;
}
public void run() {
try {
URL url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg"
+ "application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, "
+ "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, "
+ "application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, "
+ "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
conn.setRequestProperty("CharSet", "UTF-8");
InputStream inStream = conn.getInputStream();
inStream.skip(this.startPos);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int hasRead = 0;
// 读取网络数据,并写入本地文件
while (length < currentPartSize && (hasRead = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
currentPart.write(buffer, 0, hasRead);
// 累计该线程下载的总大小
length += hasRead;
}
currentPart.close();
inStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
我们可以看到在上面的多线程下载工具类中,DownThread
内部类中的构造方法专门用于创建众多的线程对象,在download()
方法中通过threads[i] = new DownThread(startPos, currentPartSize, currentPart);
来实例化它的对象,即下载线程,并启动这个下载线程。而每个下载线程都是在一个for
循环中创建的,这样一来就实现了多线程并发下载这个功能,我们只需要在主程序的测试类中直接调用download()
方法就可以启动多个下载线程了。接下来我们要看一看主程序测试类该怎么写?
其实上面已经说的很明白了,我们只需要在主程序的测试类中直接调用download()
方法,主程序实现代码如下
package com.demo.networkprogram;
public class MultiThreadDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 初始化DownUtil对象
final DownUtil downUtil = new DownUtil("http://qunar-hellola.xtunes.cn/"
+ "assets/title-3fd0db9937a12ed478275e41198482f3.png",
"title-3fd0db9937a12ed478275e41198482f3.png", 4);
// 开始下载
downUtil.download();
new Thread(() -> {
while (downUtil.getCompleteRate() < 1) {
// 每个0.1秒查询一次任务的完成进度
// GUI程序中可根据该进度来绘制进度条
System.out.println(downUtil.getCompleteRate());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (Exception e) {}
}
}).start();
}
}
如上我们不仅在测试类中调用了download()
方法,而且创建了一个新线程用来显示下载进度,入股使用GUI编程就可以用进度条的形式呈现我们的下载进度了,这里我们只是在控制台输出而已。
回想以上代码,精华部分还是在工具类中的Java网络编程部分,我单独把代码拿出来看,如下
URL url = new URL(path);
// 通过地址获取连接对象,并将其强制类型转换为http连接对象
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); // 设置超时时间值
conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 发送GET方式的请求
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg"
+ "application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, "
+ "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, "
+ "application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, "
+ "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
conn.setRequestProperty("CharSet", "UTF-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
// 得到文件大小
fileSize = conn.getContentLength();
conn.disconnect();
int currentPartSize = fileSize / threadNum + 1;
RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(targetFile, "rw");
// 设置本地文件的大小
file.setLength(fileSize);
file.close();
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
// 计算每个线程下载的开始位置
int startPos = i * currentPartSize;
// 每个线程使用一个RandomAccessFile进行下载
RandomAccessFile currentPart = new RandomAccessFile(targetFile, "rw");
// 定位该线程开始下载时的位置
currentPart.seek(startPos);
// 创建该下载线程
threads[i] = new DownThread(startPos, currentPartSize, currentPart);
// 启动该下载线程
threads[i].start();
}
首先通过网址获取URLConnection
对象,并得到HttpURLConnection
对象,前者表示应用程序与URL
之间的通信连接,后者表示与URL
之间的HTTP
连接。接着通过fileSize = conn.getContentLength();
取得URL
对象所指向资源的大小,在本地创建一个相同大小的空文件。接下来就是for
循环,计算每个下载线程应该下载网络资源的哪个部分,即从那个字节开始?到哪个字节结束?依次创建、启动多个这样的下载线程下载网络资源的指定部分。