semop SEM_UNDO标识

当操作信号量(semop)时，sem_flg可以设置SEM_UNDO标识；SEM_UNDO用于将修改的信号量值在进程正常退出（调用exit退出或main执行完）或异常退出（如段异常、除0异常、收到KILL信号等）时归还给信号量。
如信号量初始值是20，进程以SEM_UNDO方式操作信号量减2，减5，加1；在进程未退出时，信号量变成20-2-5+1=14；在进程退出时，将修改的值归还给信号量，信号量变成14+2+5-1=20。

I.SEM_UNDO示例

i.建立包含两个信号量的信号量集，第一个信号量置20，第二个信号量置10

[redhat@localhost sem]$ ipcmk -S 2
Semaphore id: 131075
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo
command : ./seminfo semid
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo 131075
key:585c7c37
semid:131075
nsems:2
-------sem details---------
semnum:0, semval:0
semnum:1, semval:0
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./semop
command : ./semop semid semnum semops undo[0|1] sleeps[0-15]
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./semop 131075 0 20 0 0
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./semop 131075 1 10 0 0
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo 131075
key:585c7c37
semid:131075
nsems:2
-------sem details---------
semnum:0, semval:20
semnum:1, semval:10

ii.不设置SEM_UNDO，将第一个信号量减2；进程未退出时，信号量由20变成18；进程正常退出时，保持18不变。
设置SEM_UNDO，将第二个信号量减2；进程未退出时，信号量由10变成8；进程正常退出时，将2归还给信号量，信号量重新变回10

[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./semop 131075 0 -2 0 0
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./semop 131075 1 -2 1 15 &
[1] 3339
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo 131075
key:585c7c37
semid:131075
nsems:2
-------sem details---------
semnum:0, semval:18
semnum:1, semval:8
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo 131075
key:585c7c37
semid:131075
nsems:2
-------sem details---------
semnum:0, semval:18
semnum:1, semval:8
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo 131075
key:585c7c37
semid:131075
nsems:2
-------sem details---------
semnum:0, semval:18
semnum:1, semval:10
[1]+  Done                    ./semop 131075 1 -2 1 15

iii.不设置SEM_UNDO，将第一个信号量减2；进程未退出时，信号量由18变成16；进程非正常退出时，保持16不变。
设置SEM_UNDO，将第二个信号量减2；进程未退出时，信号量由10变成8；进程非正常退出时，将2归还给信号量，信号量重新变回10

[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./semop 131075 0 -2 0 10 & ./semop 131075 1 -2 1 15&
[1] 3352
[2] 3353
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo 131075
key:585c7c37
semid:131075
nsems:2
-------sem details---------
semnum:0, semval:16
semnum:1, semval:8
[redhat@localhost sem]$ kill -9 3073
[redhat@localhost sem]$ kill -9 3074
[redhat@localhost sem]$ ./seminfo 131075
key:585c7c37
semid:131075
nsems:2
-------sem details---------
semnum:0, semval:16
semnum:1, semval:10
[2]+  已杀死               ./semop 131075 1 -2 1 15

 

 

附：
seminfo与semop代码如下：
查看信号量信息：seminfo.c

 1 #include <stdio.h>
  2 #include <sys/sem.h>
  3 #include <stdlib.h>
  4 #include <errno.h>
  5 
  6 #define SEMMSL 250
  7 #define BUFSIZE 50
  8 
  9 #define error() \
 10 do {    \
 11         char buf[BUFSIZE];      \
 12         snprintf(buf, BUFSIZE, "[%s][%d][%d]\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, errno);    \
 13         perror(buf);    \
 14 } while(0);
 15 
 16 void help(char *prgm)
 17 {
 18         printf("command : %s semid\n", prgm);
 19 }
 20 
 21 int seminfo(int semid)
 22 {
 23         struct semid_ds semds;
 24         short semval[SEMMSL];
 25         int err;
 26 
 27         err = semctl(semid, 0, IPC_STAT, &semds);
 28         if (err == -1) {
 29                 error();
 30                 return err;
 31         }
 32 
 33         printf("key:%x\n", semds.sem_perm.__key);
 34         printf("semid:%d\n", semid);
 35         printf("nsems:%d\n", semds.sem_nsems);
 36 
 37         if (semds.sem_nsems > SEMMSL) {
 38                 printf("SEMMSL small!!\n");
 39                 return -1;
 40         }
 41 
 42         err = semctl(semid, 0 ,GETALL, semval);
 43         if (err == -1) {
 44                 error();
 45                 return err;
 46         }
 47 
 48         printf("-------sem details---------\n");
 49         int i=0;
 50         for(; i < semds.sem_nsems; i++) {
 51                 printf("semnum:%d, semval:%d\n", i, semval[i]);
 52         }
 53 
 54         return 0;
 55 }
 56 
 57 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 58 {
 59         int semid;
 60         int err;
 61 
 62         if (argc != 2) {
 63                 help(argv[0]);
 64                 return -1;
 65         
 66         semid = atoi(argv[1]);
 67         
 68         err = seminfo(semid);
 69         if (err) {
 70                 exit(-1);
 71         }       
 72         
 73         return 0;
 74                 
 75 }

信号量操作：semop.c

  1 #include <stdio.h>
  2 #include <sys/sem.h>
  3 #include <stdlib.h>
  4 #include <errno.h>
  5 #include <unistd.h>
  6 
  7 #define SEMMSL 250
  8 #define BUFSIZE 50
  9 
 10 #define error() \
 11 do {    \
 12         char buf[BUFSIZE];      \
 13         snprintf(buf, BUFSIZE, "[%s][%d][%d]\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, errno);    \
 14         perror(buf);    \
 15 } while(0);
 16 
 17 void help(char *prgm)
 18 {
 19         printf("command : %s semid semnum semops undo[0|1] sleeps[0-15]\n", prgm);
 20 }
 21 
 22 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 23 {
 24         int semid, semnum, semops, undo, sleeps;
 25         int err;
 26         struct sembuf sembuf;
 27 
 28         if (argc != 6) {
 29                 help(argv[0]);
 30                 return -1;
 31         }
 32 
 31         }
 32 
 33         semid = atoi(argv[1]);
 34         semnum = atoi(argv[2]);
 35         semops = atoi(argv[3]);
 36         undo = atoi(argv[4]);
 37         sleeps = atoi(argv[5]);
 38 
 39         if (undo != 0 && undo != 1) {
 40                 printf("invalid undo\n");
 41                 return -1;
 42         }
 43 
 44         if (sleeps < 0 || sleeps > 15) {
 45                 printf("invalid sleeps\n");
 46                 return -1;
 47         }
 48 
 49         sembuf.sem_num = semnum;
 50         sembuf.sem_op = semops;
 51         sembuf.sem_flg = undo ? SEM_UNDO : 0;
 52         err = semop(semid, &sembuf, 1);
 53         if (err) {
 54                 error();
 55                 return -1;
 56         }
 57 
 58         sleep(sleeps);
 59 
 60         return 0;
 61 
 62 }