JNI Hello World

 一、Windows版本

1、创建工作目录JNIDemo。

2、编写包含本地方法的Java类JNIDemo.java。

    首先为Java的package在工作目录下创建文件夹层次结构test/jni/demo，在该子目录下创建Java源文件。

package test.jni.demo; public class JNIDemo{ //Dynamic library initialization static { try{ System.loadLibrary("jnidemo"); }catch(SecurityException e){ e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException("A security manager exists and its checkLink method doesn't allow loading of the specified dynamic library jnidemo.dll"); }catch(UnsatisfiedLinkError e){ e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException("jnidemo.dll does not exist"); } } //Native method,input a String object,show the message and return a String object public static native String showMessage(String msg); //Main method,just for test public static void main(String []args){ String msg = JNIDemo.showMessage("Hello JNI"); System.out.println(msg); } }

3、设置环境变量，为编译Java源文件和产生C代码头文件做准备，前提是要实现设置好JAVA_HOME和CLASSPATH环境变量，否则相应指定需要的绝对路径。

set PATH=%JAVA_HOME%/bin;%PATH% set CLASSPATH=.;%CLASSPATH%

 4、编译Java源文件。

javac test/jni/demo/JNIDemo.java

5、产生C头文件。

javah -jni -o jnidemo.h test.jni.demo.JNIDemo

6、此时工作目录下将生成jnidemo.h文件，新建jnidemo.c文件实现该本地接口。

#include <windows.h> #include "jnidemo.h" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_test_jni_demo_JNIDemo_showMessage(JNIEnv *env, jclass classObject, jstring valueObject){ jclass clsString; jstring strEncode; jmethodID mid; jbyteArray barr; jsize alen; jbyte *ba; char *rtn = NULL; char msg[1024]; clsString = (*env)->FindClass(env,"java/lang/String"); strEncode = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env,"UTF-8");//Support for multibyte character language mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env,clsString, "getBytes", "(Ljava/lang/String;)[B"); barr = (jbyteArray)(*env)->CallObjectMethod(env,valueObject,mid,strEncode); alen = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env,barr); ba = (*env)->GetByteArrayElements(env,barr,JNI_FALSE); if(alen > 0){ rtn = (char*)malloc(alen+1); memcpy(rtn,ba,alen); rtn[alen]=0; } (*env)->ReleaseByteArrayElements(env,barr,ba,0); MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)rtn,"JNIDemo",MB_OK);//Call Win32 API memset(msg,'/0',sizeof(msg)); sprintf(msg,"JNI method receive the message : %s/n",rtn);//Risky code if(rtn){ free(rtn); } mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env,clsString,"<init>","([BLjava/lang/String;)V"); strEncode = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env,"GBK");//Support for chinese alen = strlen(msg); barr = (*env)->NewByteArray(env,alen); (*env)->SetByteArrayRegion(env,barr,0,alen,(jbyte*)msg); return (jstring)(*env)->NewObject(env,clsString,mid,barr,strEncode); }

7、编译动态库，由于不想启动msdv，所以使用namke和cl.exe、link.exe解决它。

F:/workshop/Test/JNIDemo>"D:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/VC98/Bin/VCVARS32.BAT"

设置环境变量后编写makefile，内容如下。

CC=cl.exe LD=link.exe CFLAGS=/nologo /MT /W3 /Gi /GX /O2 /I "D:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_07/include/win32" /I "D:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_07/include" /I "." /D "NDEBUG" /D "WIN32" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "_MBCS" /D "_USRDLL" /D "JNIDEMO_EXPORTS" /Fd"jnidemo.pdb" /FD /c LDFLAGS=kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /nologo /dll /incremental:no /pdb:"jnidemo.pdb" /machine:I386 /out:"jnidemo.dll" /implib:"jnidemo.lib" /libpath:"D:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_07/lib" SOURCES=jnidemo.c OBJECTS=*.obj all: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(SOURCES) $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) javah: javac test/jni/demo/JNIDemo.java javah -jni -o jnidemo.h test.jni.demo.JNIDemo run: java test.jni.demo.JNIDemo clean: del /F jnidemo.h del /F test/jni/demo/*.class del /F *.dll del /F *.obj del /F *.idb del /F *.exp del /F *.lib

之后顺序执行nmake javah、nmake all、nmake run即可见到jni接口执行效果，首先消息框显示java输入的参数，点击确定后控制台打印jni方法返回的字符串。

 

二、Linux版本

由于实现方式类似，仅编译工具和使用的API不同，过程不再赘述，仅给是文件内容、命令和运行效果。

1、创建工作目录。

[tbicl@vipcms test]$ mkdir JNIDemo [tbicl@vipcms test]$ cd JNIDemo/ [tbicl@vipcms JNIDemo]$ mkdir test [tbicl@vipcms JNIDemo]$ cd test/ [tbicl@vipcms test]$ mkdir jni [tbicl@vipcms test]$ cd jni/ [tbicl@vipcms jni]$ mkdir demo [tbicl@vipcms jni]$ cd demo/ [tbicl@vipcms demo]$ vim JNIDemo.java

2、Java源文件和windows版的一致，仅修改提示信息。

package test.jni.demo; public class JNIDemo{ //Dynamic library initialization static { try{ System.loadLibrary("jnidemo"); }catch(SecurityException e){ e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException("A security manager exists and its checkLink method doesn't allow loading of the specified dynamic lib rary libjnidemo.so"); }catch(UnsatisfiedLinkError e){ e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException("libjnidemo.so does not exist"); } } //Native method,input a String object,show the message and return a String object public static native String showMessage(String msg); //Main method,just for test public static void main(String []args){ String msg = JNIDemo.showMessage("Hello JNI"); System.out.println(msg); } }

3、直接编写makefile搞定剩下的事。

CC=cc -g LIBS= -L${JAVA_HOME}/lib CFLAGS= -Wl,-soname,libjnidemo.so -fPIC -shared SOURCES=jnidemo.c all: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) -o libjnidemo.so $(SOURCES) javah: javac -cp . test/jni/demo/JNIDemo.java javah -classpath . -jni -o jnidemo.h test.jni.demo.JNIDemo run: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} java test.jni.demo.JNIDemo clean: rm -rf ../*.so rm -rf ../jnidemo.h rm -rf test/jni/demo/*.class

4、产生头文件。

[tbicl@vipcms JNIDemo]$ make javah javac -cp . test/jni/demo/JNIDemo.java javah -classpath . -jni -o jnidemo.h test.jni.demo.JNIDemo [tbicl@vipcms JNIDemo]$ ll total 12 -rw-rw-r-- 1 tbicl tbicl 490 Aug 20 23:38 jnidemo.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 tbicl tbicl 424 Aug 20 23:38 makefile drwxrwxr-x 3 tbicl tbicl 4096 Aug 20 23:23 test

 

5、修改jnidemo.c。

#include "jnidemo.h" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_test_jni_demo_JNIDemo_showMessage(JNIEnv *env, jclass classObject, jstring valueObject){ jclass clsString; jstring strEncode; jmethodID mid; jbyteArray barr; jsize alen; jbyte *ba; char *rtn = NULL; char msg[1024]; clsString = (*env)->FindClass(env,"java/lang/String"); strEncode = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env,"UTF-8");//Support for multibyte character language mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env,clsString, "getBytes", "(Ljava/lang/String;)[B"); barr = (jbyteArray)(*env)->CallObjectMethod(env,valueObject,mid,strEncode); alen = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env,barr); ba = (*env)->GetByteArrayElements(env,barr,JNI_FALSE); if(alen > 0){ rtn = (char*)malloc(alen+1); memcpy(rtn,ba,alen); rtn[alen]=0; } (*env)->ReleaseByteArrayElements(env,barr,ba,0); //MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)rtn,"JNIDemo",MB_OK);//Call Win32 API fprintf(stdout,"%s/n",rtn); memset(msg,'/0',sizeof(msg)); sprintf(msg,"JNI method receive the message : %s/n",rtn);//Risky code if(rtn){ free(rtn); } mid = (*env)->GetMethodID(env,clsString,"<init>","([BLjava/lang/String;)V"); strEncode = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env,"GBK");//Support for chinese alen = strlen(msg); barr = (*env)->NewByteArray(env,alen); (*env)->SetByteArrayRegion(env,barr,0,alen,(jbyte*)msg); return (jstring)(*env)->NewObject(env,clsString,mid,barr,strEncode); }

6、编译并运行。

三、总结

别人所jni是双刃剑，使好了很有用处，否则带来一堆烦恼，正如c代码中标注的危险代码部分，如果Java方法输入的参数足够大，导致msg数组无法容纳，sprintf将引发问题，由于通常都是通过jvm启动并载入动态库本地方法，本地方法和jvm使用同一地址空间，本地方法crash将导致jvm奔溃直接退出，如果这种情况放生诸如WebLogic等追求很大稳定性的中间件之上，后果可想而知，所以这洪水能回避就尽量回避，除非本地接口简单得出错的几率都没有，又或者编写者非常神仙能把握好它。