Android7.0以前获取本地文件uri用的Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath)); 后会得到一个file://,这种方式呢7.0及以后的系统版本就用不了,且会报一个异常:
android.os.FileUriExposedException
file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.alex.demo/cache/.tmp/show.mp4 exposed beyond app through Intent.getData()
举个例子:
String filePath = "/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.alex.demo/cache/.temp.jpg";
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath));
这个uri打印出来就是"file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.alex.demo/cache/.temp.jpg"
注意:文件路径和uri路径是不一样的,注意区分,文件路径时没有"file://"前缀的哦
举个例子:
String filePath = "/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.alex.demo/cache/.temp.jpg";
Uri uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(BaseApplication.getApplication(), BaseApplication.getApplication().getPackageName() + ".FileProvider", new File(filePath));
这个uri打印出来是"content://com.alex.demo.FileProvider/external_storage_root/cache/.temp.jpg";
下面介绍下我们常用的几个功能的具体代码,保证目前的主流版本都可以兼容使用。
首先声明:com.alex.demo为项目的包名,以下需要包名的地方替换即可
第一步、
在AndroidManifest.xml中加上摄像头、读写磁盘的权限,如下
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
在AndroidManifest.xml中加上自定义权限的ContentProvider,如下
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.alex.demo.FileProvider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
android:authorities="com.alex.demo.FileProvider" 自定义的权限
android:exported="false" 是否设置为独立进程
android:grantUriPermissions="true" 是否拥有共享文件的临时权限
android:resource="@xml/external_storage_root" 共享文件的文件根目录,名字可以自定义
第三步、
在项目res目录下创建一个xml文件夹,里面创建一个file_paths.xml文件,上一步定义的什么名称,这里就什么名称,如图:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
<external-path
name="external_storage_root"
path="." />
</paths>
name="external_storage_root" 这个是根目录名称,可以自定义
好了,基本工作准备好,下面开始具体的使用吧
1、调用系统相机
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
String filePath = ShowConfig.getCacheFolderPath() + File.separator + ".temp.jpg";
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
mOriginUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(BaseApplication.getApplication(), BaseApplication.getApplication().getPackageName() + ".FileProvider",
new File(filePath));
} else {
mOriginUri = Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath));
}
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, mOriginUri);
if(mAttachedFragment == null)
mAttachedActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CROP_CAM_IMG_CODE);
else
mAttachedFragment.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CROP_CAM_IMG_CODE);
2、调用系统播放器播放视频
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
File file = FileUtils.createFile(mSelectedVideoPath);
Uri uri;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
Uri contentUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, getApplicationContext().getPackageName() + ".FileProvider", file);
intent.setDataAndType(contentUri, "video/*");
} else {
uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intent.setDataAndType(uri, "video/*");
}
startActivity(intent);
3、切图
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*");
Uri customUri = null;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
customUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(BaseApplication.getApplication(), BaseApplication.getApplication().getPackageName() + ".FileProvider",
new File(mLocalAvatarImagePath));
} else {
customUri = Uri.fromFile(new File(mLocalAvatarImagePath));
}
intent.putExtra("output", customUri);
intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1); // 裁剪框比例
intent.putExtra("aspectY", 0.75);
// intent.putExtra("outputX", mOutputWidth); // 输出图片大小
// intent.putExtra("outputY", mOutputHeight);
intent.putExtra("scale", true); // 去黑边
intent.putExtra("scaleUpIfNeeded", true); // 去黑边
if(mAttachedFragment == null)
mAttachedActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_UPLOAD_IMG_CODE);
else
mAttachedFragment.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_UPLOAD_IMG_CODE);
4、用系统安装器安装APK
Uri fileUri = null;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
fileUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(BaseApplication.getApplication(), BaseApplication.getApplication().getPackageName() + ".FileProvider",
new File(filePath));
} else {
fileUri = Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath));
}
Intent installIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
installIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
installIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
installIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
installIntent.setDataAndType(fileUri,
"application/vnd.android.package-archive");
context.startActivity(installIntent);
注意:通过content类型的uri和file类型的uri来获取文件的时候要注意方法的不同