典型的递归状态生成问题。类似于全排列的生成问题。
问题一:无重复元素集合的子集。Given a set of distinct integers, S, return all possible subsets.
思路:借助一个now数组存储临时的子集。不断切换状态进行深层递归,在递归最深处保存生成的子集。
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > subsets(vector<int> &S) {
vector<vector<int> > result;
if(S.empty()) return result;
sort(S.begin(), S.end());
vector<int> now;
fun(S, result, now, 0);
return result;
}
void fun(const vector<int> &s, vector<vector<int> > &result, vector<int> &now, int n)
{
if(n == s.size())
{
result.push_back(now); //递归最深处:所有元素都判定过取或不取
return;
}
else
{
fun(s, result, now, n+1); //不取
now.push_back(s[n]);
fun(s, result, now, n+1); //取
now.pop_back(); //回溯前一定要恢复回原样
}
}
};
问题二:有重复元素集合的子集。Given a collection of integers that might contain duplicates, S, return all possible subsets.
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > subsetsWithDup(vector<int> &S) {
vector<vector<int> > result;
vector<int> now;
sort(S.begin(), S.end());//排序
set<vector<int> > s;
backtrack(s, now, S, 0);
set<vector<int> >::iterator it = s.begin();
for(;it != s.end();it++)
result.push_back(*it);
return result;
}
void backtrack(set<vector<int> > &result, vector<int> &now, vector<int> &S, int idx)
{
if(idx == S.size())
{
result.insert(now);//set去重复
return;
}
backtrack(result, now, S, idx+1);
now.push_back(S[idx]);
backtrack(result, now, S, idx+1);
now.pop_back();
}
};