http://simohayha.javaeye.com/blog/153398
1 打开和关闭一个文件类方法File.new 打开一个文件，并将它实例化为一个File对象，他的第一个参数是文件名.
可选的第二个参数叫做 mode string(这个也是从c得来的).他的意思是怎样打开一个文件(读，写或者其他的).默认是'r'(也就是读).
- file1 = File.new("one") # Open for reading
- file2 = File.new("two","w") # Open for writing
file1 = File.new("one") # Open for reading file2 = File.new("two", "w") # Open for writing- file = File.new("three", 0755,File::CREAT|File::WRONLY)
file = File.new("three", 0755, File::CREAT|File::WRONLY)出于对操作系统和运行环境的考虑，如果你打开了一个文件的话，你就必须关闭它。当你打开一个文件用于写时，你更应该这样做，从而才能免于丢失数据.close方法就是关闭一个文件：
- out = File.new("captains.log","w")
- # Process as needed...
- out.close
out = File.new("captains.log", "w") # Process as needed... out.close这里还有一个open方法，它的最简单的形式是和new同义的：
- trans = File.open("transactions","w")
trans = File.open("transactions","w")但是open方法还能够带一个block作为参数，当存在block时，打开的文件将会做为一个参数传递给block.这时这个文件将会在这个block的作用域里，保持打开，直到block结束时，自动关闭:
- File.open("somefile","w")do |file|
- file.puts "Line 1"
- file.puts "Line 2"
- file.puts "Third and final line"
- end
File.open("somefile","w") do |file| file.puts "Line 1" file.puts "Line 2" file.puts "Third and final line" end2 更新文件
假设我们想要打开一个文件用于读和写，简单的加一个'+'号到file mode就行了:
- f1 = File.new("file1","r+")
- # Read/write, starting at beginning of file.
- f2 = File.new("file2","w+")
- # Read/write; truncate existing file or create a new one.
- f3 = File.new("file3","a+")
- # Read/write; start at end of existing file or create a
- # new one.
f1 = File.new("file1", "r+") # Read/write, starting at beginning of file. f2 = File.new("file2", "w+") # Read/write; truncate existing file or create a new one. f3 = File.new("file3", "a+") # Read/write; start at end of existing file or create a # new one.3 追加一个文件
假设我们想要追加一段信息到一个存在文件，当我们打开文件时使用'a'作为file mode就行了:
- logfile = File.open("captains_log","a")
- # Add a line at the end, then close.
- logfile.puts "Stardate 47824.1: Our show has been canceled."
- logfile.close
logfile = File.open("captains_log", "a") # Add a line at the end, then close. logfile.puts "Stardate 47824.1: Our show has been canceled." logfile.close4随机存取一个文件
如果你想随即存取一个文件，你能够使用seek方法，它是File从Io继承而来的.它的最简单的使用就是指定一个字节位置.这个位置是相对于文件开始的位置(开始的位置是0):
- # myfile contains only: abcdefghi
- file = File.new("myfile")
- file.seek(5)
- str = file.gets # "fghi"
# myfile contains only: abcdefghi file = File.new("myfile") file.seek(5) str = file.gets # "fghi"如果你能确定每一行都是固定的长度，你就能seek指定的行：
- # Assume 20 bytes per line.
- # Line N starts at byte (N-1)*20
- file = File.new("fixedlines")
- file.seek(5*20) # Sixth line!
- # Elegance is left as an exercise.
# Assume 20 bytes per line. # Line N starts at byte (N-1)*20 file = File.new("fixedlines") file.seek(5*20) # Sixth line! # Elegance is left as an exercise.- file = File.new("somefile")
- file.seek(55) # Position is 55
- file.seek(-22, IO::SEEK_CUR) # Position is 33
- file.seek(47, IO::SEEK_CUR) # Position is 80
file = File.new("somefile") file.seek(55) # Position is 55 file.seek(-22, IO::SEEK_CUR) # Position is 33 file.seek(47, IO::SEEK_CUR) # Position is 80你也能从文件的结束位置开始搜索:
- file.seek(-20, IO::SEEK_END) # twenty bytes from eof
file.seek(-20, IO::SEEK_END) # twenty bytes from eof- file.seek(20)
- pos1 = file.tell # 20
- file.seek(50, IO::SEEK_CUR)
- pos2 = file.pos # 70
file.seek(20) pos1 = file.tell # 20 file.seek(50, IO::SEEK_CUR) pos2 = file.pos # 705 操作二进制文件
在很久以前，c语言通过在file mode后附加一个'b'来表示将文件用二进制模式打开.在今天，二进制文件的处理已经没有那么麻烦了。在ruby中，一个字符串很容易保存一个二进制数据，而且也不用通过任何特殊的方式来读文件.
可是在windows下是例外，在他下面，二进制文件和文本文件的不同是，在二进制mode下，结束行不能被转义为一个单独的换行，而是被保存为一个回车换行对.
另外的不同是，在文本模式下 control-Z被作为文件的结束:
- # Create a file (in binary mode)
- File.open("myfile","wb") {|f| f.syswrite("12345\0326789\r") }
- # Above note the embedded octal 032 (^Z)
- # Read it as binary
- str = nil
- File.open("myfile","rb") {|f| str = f.sysread(15) }
- puts str.size # 11
- # Read it as text
- str = nil
- File.open("myfile","r") {|f| str = f.sysread(15) }
- puts str.size # 5
# Create a file (in binary mode) File.open("myfile","wb") {|f| f.syswrite("12345\0326789\r") } # Above note the embedded octal 032 (^Z) # Read it as binary str = nil File.open("myfile","rb") {|f| str = f.sysread(15) } puts str.size # 11 # Read it as text str = nil File.open("myfile","r") {|f| str = f.sysread(15) } puts str.size # 5再看下面的代码：
- # Input file contains a single line: Line 1.
- file = File.open("data")
- line = file.readline # "Line 1.\n"
- puts "#{line.size} characters." # 8 characters
- file.close
- file = File.open("data","rb")
- line = file.readline # "Line 1.\r\n"
- puts "#{line.size} characters." # 9 characters 二进制模式的结尾是一个回车换行对.
- file.close
# Input file contains a single line: Line 1. file = File.open("data") line = file.readline # "Line 1.\n" puts "#{line.size} characters." # 8 characters file.close file = File.open("data","rb") line = file.readline # "Line 1.\r\n" puts "#{line.size} characters." # 9 characters 二进制模式的结尾是一个回车换行对. file.close- file = File.open("data")
- file.binmode
- line = file.readline # "Line 1.\r\n"
- puts "#{line.size} characters." # 9 characters
- file.close
file = File.open("data") file.binmode line = file.readline # "Line 1.\r\n" puts "#{line.size} characters." # 9 characters file.close- input = File.new("myfile",'a+')
- output = File.new("outfile",'a+')
- instr = input.sysread(10);
- puts instr
- bytes = output.syswrite("This is a test.")
input = File.new("myfile",'a+') output = File.new("outfile",'a+') instr = input.sysread(10); puts instr bytes = output.syswrite("This is a test.")如果文件指针已经到达文件的结尾时，sysread方法将会抛出一个异常.
这边要注意 Array 的pack和string的unpack方法，对于处理二进制数据非常有用.
=======================================================
读文件:
第一种方法:
$result='d:\\rs.txt'
File.open($result, "r") do |file|
file.each_line do |line|
if line.length>20
puts line.chop.length #去掉最后一个换行字符,并显示该行实际字符串的长度
puts line
end
end
end
第二种方法:
filename='d:\\rs.txt'
while File.exists?(filename) #如果源文件存在就执行下面的操作
file=File.open(filename,'r')
while (lines=file.gets)
puts lines
end
写文件:
$filename="C:\\Automation\\rss"+".txt"
$logfile = File.new($filename,"a")
iCount=0
while(iCount<10) //循环写入10行
$logfile.puts "http://xxxx/rs#{iCount}.xml"
iCount=iCount+1
end
今天又笨了一次,由于要比较两个文件的不同,于是考虑用ruby来写个脚本
实现,刚开始的时候使用双重
File.open($file1, "r") do |file1|
file1.each_line do |line1|
总是报错,
后来改成先把文件读到一个数组里,然后循环比较,成功.
其实这是个笨方法,在unix下使用三个命令就可以完成了.
1.先使用sort指令将文件中的数据按照要求的索引进行排序,
2.然后使用uniq指令将重复数据去掉
3.再使用diff命令就可以了.
========================================
ruby读写文本文件的简单例子，除了演示文本文件的读写外，这段ruby程序可以从文本文件中删除包含某些字符串的行。
用法：ruby delline.rb 文件名 字符串1 字符串2 字符串n
将删除同时包含字符串1 字符串2 字符串n的行。
ruby的开发环境这里下载
http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
直接下载最近的稳定版Windows安装包
http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/29263/ruby186-26.exe
代码如下
- ifARGV.length<2then
- puts "USAGE: ruby delline.rb text_file_name str1 [str2 ...]"
- exit
- end
- i_file_name = ARGV[0]
- i_file_name_bak = i_file_name +".bak"
- if FileTest.exist?(i_file_name)then
- File.rename(i_file_name,i_file_name_bak)
- else
- puts "File #{i_file_name} was not found"
- exit
- end
- i_file = File.new(i_file_name_bak,"r")
- o_file = File.new(i_file_name,"w")
- i_file.each_line do |line|
- delete_flag =true
- 1.upto(ARGV.length - 1) do |x|
- if !line.include?(ARGV[x]) then
- delete_flag =false
- break
- end
- end
- o_file.puts lineif !delete_flag
- end
- i_file.close
- o_file.close
File.open("cmd.txt","r") do |file|
while line=file.gets
puts line
end
end
puts
file=File.new("cmd.txt","r")
file.each_line do |line|
puts line
end
IO.foreach("cmd.txt") do |line|
puts line if line =~ /target/
puts line if line !~ /target/
end
# Another way...
file = File.new("cmd.txt")
file.each do |line|
puts line if line =~ /target/
end
arr = IO.read("cmd.txt")
bytes = arr.size
puts "myfile has #{bytes} bytes in it."
arr = IO.readlines("cmd.txt")
puts arr
lines = arr.size
puts "myfile has #{lines} lines in it."
file2=File.new("cmd.txt");
puts File.expand_path("cmd.txt")
file = File.new("cmd.txt")
e_count = 0
file.each_byte do |byte|
e_count += 1 if byte == ?e
end
puts File.exist?("testR.txt")
file1=File.new("testR.txt","w") #没有文件则会自动创建
puts File.exist?("testR.txt")
puts file1.write("ttt333\nttt444\n")
字符串当文件用.rb
require 'stringio'
ios = StringIO.new("abcdefghijkl\nABC\n123")
ios.seek(5)
ios.puts("xyz")
puts ios.tell # 8
puts ios.string.dump # "abcdexyzijkl\nABC\n123"
c = ios.getc
puts "c = #{c}" # c = 105
ios.ungetc(?w)
puts ios.string.dump # "abcdexyzwjkl\nABC\n123"
puts "Ptr = #{ios.tell}"
s1 = ios.gets # "wjkl"
s2 = ios.gets # "ABC"
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