C读配置文件小模板

  虽然现在大部分时候写系统都是用xml解析配置文件了, 但有时一些小型的东西配置项不多且关系并不复杂的时候, 仅用一两个小函数读取配置文件的方式也不错, 这样的话, 配置文件也可以写得很简单了

  第一步, 先写一个最简单版本的,

  1.配置项以行为单位, 配置项(key)在前, 值(value)在后, 中间用空格分隔, key和value可以分别用单引号和双引号引起来

  2.以#开头的为注释行

  #include <stdio.h> #include <locale> void GetArg(char* arg, int size, char **pp) { char *p = NULL; char *q = NULL; int quote = 0; p = *pp; while(isspace(*p)) p++; q = arg; if (*p == '/"' || *p == '/'') quote = *p++; while(1) { if (quote && quote == *p) { p++; break; } if (quote == 0 && (isspace(*p) || *p =='/0')) break; if ((q- arg) < (size - 1)) *q++ = *p++; } *q = '/0'; *pp = p; } bool ParseConfig(const char *file_name) { FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen(file_name, "r")) == NULL) { printf("fopen() failed/n"); return false; } char line_buf[1024] = {0}; char key[64] = {0}; char value[1024] = {0}; char *p = NULL; while(1) { if (fgets(line_buf, sizeof(line_buf), fp) == NULL) break; p = line_buf; while(isspace(*p)) p++; if (*p == '/0' || *p == '#') continue; GetArg(key, sizeof(key), &p); GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); printf("%s = %s/n", key, value); } return true; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { ParseConfig("my_config_1.txt"); return 0; }

  测试文件my_config_1.txt:

  #asdfg file_name "my_config_1.txt" author chef time '2010-12-24'

  VS2005输出结果:

   file_name = my_config_1.txt author = chef time = 2010-12-24 请按任意键继续...

好了, 在这个基础上, 我们可以根据自身实际需求增加一些功能, 例如下面的这个例子为配置文件中配置一些学生的信息, 程序将它读出并放入链表(链表可能写得很蹩脚, 有错误请提出)里面, 有一定的配置错误检测, 你也可以自己添加一些错误检测

  #include <stdio.h> #include <locale> struct Student { char name[64]; int age; int math; int chinese; int english; Student *next; }; Student *last = NULL; Student *first = NULL; void GetArg(char* arg, int size, char **pp) { char *p = NULL; char *q = NULL; int quote = 0; p = *pp; while(isspace(*p)) p++; q = arg; if (*p == '/"' || *p == '/'') quote = *p++; while(1) { if (quote && quote == *p) { p++; break; } if (quote == 0 && (isspace(*p) || *p =='/0')) break; if ((q- arg) < (size - 1)) *q++ = *p++; } *q = '/0'; *pp = p; } bool ParseConfig(const char *file_name) { FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen(file_name, "r")) == NULL) { printf("fopen() failed/n"); return false; } char line_buf[1024] = {0}; char key[64] = {0}; char value[1024] = {0}; char *p = NULL; bool tag = false; int score = 0; while(1) { if (fgets(line_buf, sizeof(line_buf), fp) == NULL) break; p = line_buf; while(isspace(*p)) p++; if (*p == '/0' || *p == '#') continue; GetArg(key, sizeof(key), &p); if (!_stricmp(key, "file_name")) //windows, _stricmp, linux, strcasecmp { GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); printf("file_name = %s/n", value); } else if (!_stricmp(key, "author")) { GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); printf("author = %s/n", value); } else if (!_stricmp(key, "time")) { GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); printf("time = %s/n", value); } else if (!_stricmp(key, "<Student")) { if (tag) printf("Already in a tag/n"); else { tag = true; Student *stu = new Student; last->next = stu; last = stu; last->next = NULL; GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); strcpy(last->name, value); last->name[strlen(last->name)-1] = '/0'; } } else if (!_stricmp(key, "age")) { if (tag) { GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); last->age = atoi(value); } } else if (!_stricmp(key, "math")) { if (tag) { GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); last->math = atoi(value); } } else if (!_stricmp(key, "chinese")) { if (tag) { GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); last->chinese = atoi(value); } } else if (!_stricmp(key, "english")) { if (tag) { GetArg(value, sizeof(value), &p); last->english = atoi(value); } } else if (!_stricmp(key, "</Student>")) { if (tag) tag = false; else printf("no match tag head!/n"); } else { printf("%s is not need!/n"); } } return true; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { last = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student)); first = last; ParseConfig("my_config.txt"); Student *p = first->next; while(p) { printf("---------------/n"); printf("name: %s/n", p->name); printf("age: %d/n", p->age); printf("math: %d/n", p->math); printf("chinese: %d/n", p->chinese); printf("english: %d/n", p->english); printf("---------------/n"); if (p->next == NULL) break; else p = p->next; } //clear the linked list, since the program is over, i ignore it return 0; }

  测试配置文件my_config.txt:

#asdfg file_name "my_config.txt" author chef time '2010-12-24' <Student tom> math 60 english 70 age 13 chinese 80 </Student> <Student jerry> english 66 age 8 chinese 88 math 99 </Student>

  VS2005输出结果:

file_name = my_config.txt author = chef time = 2010-12-24 --------------- name: tom age: 13 math: 60 chinese: 80 englist: 70 --------------- --------------- name: jerry age: 8 math: 99 chinese: 88 english: 66 --------------- 请按任意键继续...