ServletConfig的使用

在Servlet的配置文件中，可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。


当servlet配置了初始化参数后，web容器在创建servlet实例对象时，会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中，并在调用servlet的init方法时，将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而，程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。


阅读ServletConfig API，并举例说明该对象的作用：
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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <web-app version="3.0"  
3.     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
4.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
5.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee  
6.     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> 
7.   <display-name></display-name> 
8.   <servlet> 
9.     <servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name> 
10.     <servlet-class>cn.csdn.web.servlet.DemoServlet</servlet-class> 
11.      <init-param> 
12.         <param-name>version</param-name> 
13.         <param-value>2.0</param-value> 
14.     </init-param>  
15.     <init-param> 
16.         <param-name>characterEncoding</param-name> 
17.         <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> 
18.     </init-param>  
19.     <init-param> 
20.         <param-name>driver</param-name> 
21.         <param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.driver</param-value> 
22.     </init-param>  
23.     <init-param> 
24.         <param-name>url</param-name> 
25.         <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/3g</param-value> 
26.     </init-param>  
27.     <init-param> 
28.         <param-name>user</param-name> 
29.         <param-value>root</param-value> 
30.     </init-param>  
31.     <init-param> 
32.         <param-name>password</param-name> 
33.         <param-value>0904</param-value> 
34.     </init-param>  
35.     <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 
36.   </servlet> 
37.  
38.   <servlet-mapping> 
39.     <servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name> 
40.     <url-pattern>/demo/*</url-pattern> 
41.   </servlet-mapping> 
42.   <servlet-mapping> 
43.     <servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name> 
44.     <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> 
45.   </servlet-mapping> 
46.      
47.   <welcome-file-list> 
48.     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> 
49.   </welcome-file-list> 
50. </web-app> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.csdn.web.servlet.DemoServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>version</param-name> <param-value>2.0</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>characterEncoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>driver</param-name> <param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.driver</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>url</param-name> <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/3g</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>user</param-name> <param-value>root</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>password</param-name> <param-value>0904</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/demo/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>

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1. package cn.csdn.web.servlet; 
2.  
3. import java.io.IOException; 
4. import java.io.PrintWriter; 
5. import java.util.Enumeration; 
6. import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; 
7. import javax.servlet.ServletException; 
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 
9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
10. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 
11.  
12. public class DemoServlet extends HttpServlet { 
13.  
14.     /**
15.      * @author 宋鹤贤
16.      */ 
17.  
18.     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 
19.  
20.     /* private ServletConfig config; */ 
21.  
22.     @Override 
23.     public void destroy() { 
24.         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
25.         super.destroy(); 
26.         System.out.println("销毁"); 
27.     } 
28.  
29.     public DemoServlet() { 
30.         super(); 
31.         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub 
32.         System.out.println("创建对象"); 
33.     } 
34.  
35.     @Override 
36.     public void init() throws ServletException { 
37.         // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
38.         super.init(); 
39.         System.out.println("初始化"); 
40.     } 
41.  
42.     @Override 
43.     public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { 
44.         super.init(config); 
45.         System.out.println("--------------" + config); 
46.         /* this.config=config; */ 
47.     } 
48.  
49.     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
50.             throws ServletException, IOException { 
51.         this.doPost(request, response); 
52.     } 
53.  
54.     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
55.             throws ServletException, IOException { 
56.         /* 设置编码 */ 
57.         request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); 
58.         String version = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("version"); 
59.         String characterEncoding = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter( 
60.                 "characterEncoding"); 
61.  
62.         Enumeration<String> enumer = this.getServletConfig() 
63.                 .getInitParameterNames(); 
64.         // 遍历 
65.  
66.         while (enumer.hasMoreElements()) { 
67.             String name = enumer.nextElement(); 
68.             String value = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name); 
69.             System.out.println(name + "===" + value); 
70.         } 
71.  
72.         /* 获取一下PrintWriter对象 */ 
73.         PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); 
74.         out.print("versin=" + version + "\tcharacterEncoding=" 
75.                 + characterEncoding); 
76.     } 
77.  
78. } 

package cn.csdn.web.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Enumeration; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class DemoServlet extends HttpServlet { /** * @author 宋鹤贤 */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /* private ServletConfig config; */ @Override public void destroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.destroy(); System.out.println("销毁"); } public DemoServlet() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub System.out.println("创建对象"); } @Override public void init() throws ServletException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.init(); System.out.println("初始化"); } @Override public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { super.init(config); System.out.println("--------------" + config); /* this.config=config; */ } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { /* 设置编码 */ request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); String version = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("version"); String characterEncoding = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter( "characterEncoding"); Enumeration<String> enumer = this.getServletConfig() .getInitParameterNames(); // 遍历 while (enumer.hasMoreElements()) { String name = enumer.nextElement(); String value = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name); System.out.println(name + "===" + value); } /* 获取一下PrintWriter对象 */ PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.print("versin=" + version + "\tcharacterEncoding=" + characterEncoding); } }

代码如上：我们发布到tomcat中，然后开启tomcat服务器，在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/20111018/xxx.do，界面返回结果如下：