今天是Fragment专辑的最后一篇,说明一下最常用的写法:
一般通过add、show、hide相结合的方法来控制Fragment的显示和隐藏,上一篇已经说过,这样不会再重写一遍Fragment的生命周期,节省了时间和内存,当然特殊需求除外。
贴出代码:
package com.example.lzp;
import android.os.PersistableBundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener{
private FragmentManager fm;
private Fragment oneFragment, twoFragment, threeFragment;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
RadioGroup tabRadio = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.tab_radio);
tabRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
if (oneFragment == null){
oneFragment = new OneFragment();
}
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, oneFragment).commit();
}
@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
switch (checkedId){
case R.id.one:
if (oneFragment == null){
oneFragment = new OneFragment();
}
if (oneFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.show(oneFragment);
}else{
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment);
}
if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(twoFragment);
}
if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(threeFragment);
}
break;
case R.id.two:
if (twoFragment == null){
twoFragment = new TwoFragment();
}
if (twoFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.show(twoFragment);
}else{
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,twoFragment);
}
if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(oneFragment);
}
if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(threeFragment);
}
break;
case R.id.three:
if (threeFragment == null){
threeFragment = new ThreeFragment();
}
if (threeFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.show(threeFragment);
}else{
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,threeFragment);
}
if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(twoFragment);
}
if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(oneFragment);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
}
@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
}
}
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代码中已经写好了注释,就不再详细解释,很多初学的开发者认为写出上面的代码就可以了。实际上在功能是没有问题的,但是却有一个隐藏的巨大bug,假如MainActivity被回收,那也就说明MainActivity中所有的对象都被回收了,包括之前创建过的三个fragment,下次回到MainActivity的时候还会再创建一遍,判断是否已经添加过还是返回false,这样的情况出现多次,容器中就会添加了很多的同一类型的fragnment,最终出现内存溢出。
解决办法1:
借助Activity的
@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
}
这个方法会在activi回收的时候回调,可以重写这个方法保存一些我们想保存的信息,view的状态信息一般已经被自动保存了,不需要我们特意去写(实际测试锤子和坚果手机除外)。
outState.putSerializable(key, obj);
outState.putParcelable(key, obj);
上面两个方法帮助我们保存对象,这个类必须实现可序列化接口,Android系统推荐的是使用第二个方法,还不了解如何使用这两个接口的少年可以去百度资料。
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if (savedInstanceState != null){
obj = savedInstanceState.getSerializable(key);
obj = savedInstanceState.getParcelableArray(key);
}
......
}
下次回到Activity的时候去判断是否有保存的信息,取出之前保存的对象即可。
解决办法2:
通过给fragment设置标签来保证容器中只有同一个类型的对象
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment, "oneFragment")
add方法中的第三个参数就是我们设置的标签,同一个类型我们设置一个唯一的标签,切换的时候通过标签获取对象:
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
oneFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("oneFragment");
if(one != null){
oneFragment = new OneFragment();
}
...
我是使用的第二个方法,下面贴出第二种方法的完整代码:
package com.example.lzp;
import android.os.PersistableBundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener{
private FragmentManager fm;
private Fragment oneFragment, twoFragment, threeFragment;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
RadioGroup tabRadio = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.tab_radio);
tabRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
if (savedInstanceState == null){
if (oneFragment == null){
oneFragment = new OneFragment();
}
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.fragment_container, oneFragment).commit();
}
}
@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
switch (checkedId){
case R.id.one:
oneFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("OneFragment");
if (oneFragment == null){
oneFragment = new OneFragment();
}
if (oneFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.show(oneFragment);
}else{
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,oneFragment, "OneFragment");
}
if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(twoFragment);
}
if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(threeFragment);
}
break;
case R.id.two:
twoFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("TwoFragment");
if (twoFragment == null){
twoFragment = new TwoFragment();
}
if (twoFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.show(twoFragment);
}else{
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,twoFragment, "TwoFragment");
}
if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(oneFragment);
}
if (threeFragment != null && threeFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(threeFragment);
}
break;
case R.id.three:
threeFragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("ThreeFragment");
if (threeFragment == null){
threeFragment = new ThreeFragment();
}
if (threeFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.show(threeFragment);
}else{
transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,threeFragment);
}
if (twoFragment != null && twoFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(twoFragment);
}
if (oneFragment != null && oneFragment.isAdded()){
transaction.hide(oneFragment);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
}
}
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xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.lzp.MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<RadioGroup
android:id="@+id/tab_radio"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/one"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:checked="true"
android:text="1"/>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/two"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="2"/>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/three"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="3"/>
</RadioGroup>
</LinearLayout>
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如果还有其他更加方便简单的方法,请大牛留言告知,让大家瞻仰学习一下。