Android基础——NFC标签初始化设置、NFC标签读写数据和获取ID、NFC标签前台调度系统

NFC标签初始化、NFC标签读写数据功能、NFC标签前台调度系统

事先说明：

该实例只是简单的介绍了NFC标签的读写。

记得在使用NFC之前，检查NFC是否可用和初始化NFC。

前台调度系统简单的理解就是：在一个Activity中使用前台调度系统，则这个Activity必须呈现在手机屏幕上才能读取NFC标签。

当手机接触到NFC标签的时候则会运行onNewIntent这个方法。

你可以淘宝几个NFC标签玩一玩。

这里介绍个NFC辅助工具APP，NFC Tool Pro或者是NFC Tool。

步骤一：在manifests文件中声明使用NFC：

<uses-feature
        android:name="android.hardware.nfc"
        android:required="true" />

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />

步骤二：在Activity标签中声明识别NFC标签：

        <activity android:name=".Activity.Main.ReadActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TAG_DISCOVERED" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />

                <data android:mimeType="*/*" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

步骤三：由于每个Activity中都要初始化NFC设置和读写NFC标签，所以我把它们都封装成静态方法：

public class NfcDao {

    //nfc
    public static NfcAdapter mNfcAdapter;
    public static IntentFilter[] mIntentFilter = null;
    public static PendingIntent mPendingIntent = null;
    public static String[][] mTechList = null;

    /**
     * 构造函数
     */
    public NfcDao(Activity activity) {
        mNfcAdapter = NfcCheck(activity);
        NfcInit(activity);
    }

    /**
     * 检查NFC是否打开
     */
    public static NfcAdapter NfcCheck(Activity activity) {
        NfcAdapter mNfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(activity);
        if (mNfcAdapter == null) {
            return null;
        } else {
            if (!mNfcAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                Intent setNfc = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_NFC_SETTINGS);
                activity.startActivity(setNfc);
            }
        }
        return mNfcAdapter;
    }

    /**
     * 初始化nfc设置
     */
    public static void NfcInit(Activity activity) {
        mPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(activity, 0, new Intent(activity, activity.getClass()).addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP), 0);
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
        IntentFilter filter2 = new IntentFilter(NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED);
        try {
            filter.addDataType("*/*");
        } catch (IntentFilter.MalformedMimeTypeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        mIntentFilter = new IntentFilter[]{filter, filter2};
        mTechList = null;
    }

    /**
     * 读nfc数据
     */
    public static String readFromTag(Intent intent) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        Parcelable[] rawArray = intent.getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES);
        if (rawArray != null) {
            NdefMessage mNdefMsg = (NdefMessage) rawArray[0];
            NdefRecord mNdefRecord = mNdefMsg.getRecords()[0];
            if (mNdefRecord != null) {
                String readResult = new String(mNdefRecord.getPayload(), "UTF-8");
                return readResult;
            }
        }
        return "";
    }


    /**
     * 写nfc数据
     */
    public static void writeToTag(String data, Intent intent) throws IOException, FormatException {
        Tag tag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
        Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag);
        ndef.connect();
        NdefRecord ndefRecord = NdefRecord.createTextRecord(null, data);
        NdefRecord[] records = {ndefRecord};
        NdefMessage ndefMessage = new NdefMessage(records);
        ndef.writeNdefMessage(ndefMessage);
    }

    /**
     * 读nfcID
     */
    public static String readIdFromTag(Intent intent) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        Tag tag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
        String id = ByteArrayToHexString(tag.getId());
        return id;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组转换为字符串
     */
    private static String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] inarray) {
        int i, j, in;
        String[] hex = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"};
        String out = "";

        for (j = 0; j < inarray.length; ++j) {
            in = (int) inarray[j] & 0xff;
            i = (in >> 4) & 0x0f;
            out += hex[i];
            i = in & 0x0f;
            out += hex[i];
        }
        return out;
    }
}

步骤四：在ReadActivity代码中的使用、使用标签的前台调度系统：

    @Override
    public void initData() {
        //nfc初始化设置
        NfcDao dao = new NfcDao(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        //开启前台调度系统
        NfcDao.mNfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(this, NfcDao.mPendingIntent, NfcDao.mIntentFilter, NfcDao.mTechList);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        //关闭前台调度系统
        NfcDao.mNfcAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
        super.onNewIntent(intent);
        //当该Activity接收到NFC标签时，运行该方法
        //调用工具方法，读取到的NFC数据
        String str = dao.rendFromTag(intent);
    }