内容提供器(Content Provider)主要用于不同的应用程序之间实现数据共享的功能,它提供了一套完整的机制,允许一个程序访问另一个程序中的数据,同时还能保证被访数据的安全性。目前,使用内容提供器是Android实现跨程序共享数据的标准方式。
一、访问其他程序中的数据
对于每个应用程序要想访问其他程序的内容提供器共享的数据,就必须借助ContentResolve类,可以通过Context中的getContentResolve()方法获取到该类的实例。ContentResolve提供了一系列的方法对数据进行CRUD操作,其中insert()方法用于添加数据,update()方法用于更新数据,delete()方法用于删除数据,query()用于查询数据。跟SQLiteDatabase类似,只不过参数上有些区别。
ContentResolve中的增删改查的方法都是不接收表名参数的,而是使用一个Uri参数代替,这个参数被称为内容URI。内容URI给内容提供器中的数据建立了唯一标示符,它主要有两不问组成,权限(authority)和路径(path)。权限是用于对不同程序的包名,比如程序的包名是com.gomez.example,那么该程序对应的权限就是com.gomez.example.provider。路径就是用于对同一程序中不同的表做区分的,通常都会添加到权限后面,比如数据库中存在两张表,table1和table2,这是就可以将路径分别命名为/table1和/table2。最后还需要在字符串的头部加上协议说明,因此内容URI最标准的格式写法如下:
content://com.gomez.example.provider/table1
content://com.gomez.example.provider/table2
这样内容URI可以非常清楚地表示出是哪个应用程序中的哪张表的数据。得到内容URI字符串后,我们还需要将它解析成Uri对象才可以作为参数传入,代码如下:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.gomez.example.provider/table1");
现在就可以利用这个Uri对象来查询table1表中的数据了,代码如下:
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder);
参数解析如下表:
if(cursor != null){
while(cursor.moveToNext()){
String column = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("column1"));
}
cursor.close();
}
接下来进行插入操作,代码如下:
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("column1", "text");
values.put("column2", 1);
getContentResolver().insert(uri, values);
可以看出是将数据装入ContentValues中,然后调用ContentResolver的insert()方法,将Uri和ContentValues作为参数传入即可。
接下来进行更新操作,现在如果我们想要更新这条新添加的数据,把column1的值清空,可以借助ContentResolver的update()方法实现,代码如下:
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("column1", "");
getContentResolver().update(uri, values, "column1 = ? and column2 = ?", new String[] {"text", "1"});
注意上述代码使用了selection和selectionArgs参数来对想要更新的数据进行约束,以防止所有的行都会受影响。
接下来进行删除操作,代码如下:
getContentResolver().delete(uri, "column2 = ?", new String[] { "1" });
二、创建自己的内容提供器
package com.gomez.sqlitedemo;
import android.R.integer;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.Log;
public class DatabaseProvider extends ContentProvider{
public static final int BOOK_DIR = 0;
public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1;
public static final int CATEGORY_DIR = 2;
public static final int CATEGORY_ITEM = 3;
public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.gomez.sqlitedemo.provider";
private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;
private MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;
static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book", BOOK_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book/#", BOOK_ITEM);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category", CATEGORY_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category/#", CATEGORY_ITEM);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//创建数据库
dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(), "BookStore.db", null, 2);
return true;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = null;
//查询数据
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
cursor = db.query("Book", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
break;
case BOOK_ITEM:
String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
cursor = db.query("Book", projection, "id = ?", new String[]{bookId}, null, null, sortOrder);
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
cursor = db.query("category", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
break;
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
cursor = db.query("category", projection, "id = ?", new String[]{categoryId}, null, null, sortOrder);
break;
default:
break;
}
return cursor;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.gomez.sqlitedemo.privider.book";
case BOOK_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.gomez.sqlitedemo.privider.book";
case CATEGORY_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.gomez.sqlitedemo.privider.category";
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.gomez.sqlitedemo.privider.category";
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// 添加数据
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
Uri uriReturn = null;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
case BOOK_ITEM:
long newBookId = db.insert("Book", null, values);
uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/" + newBookId);
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
long newCategoryId = db.insert("Category", null, values);
uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "category" + newCategoryId);
break;
default:
break;
}
return uriReturn;
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// 删除数据
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int deleteRows = 0;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
deleteRows = db.delete("Book", selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case BOOK_ITEM:
String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
deleteRows = db.delete("Book", "id = ?", new String[]{bookId});
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
deleteRows = db.delete("Category", selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
deleteRows = db.delete("Category","id = ?", new String[]{categoryId});
break;
default:
break;
}
return deleteRows;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
//更新数据
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int updateRows = 0;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
updateRows = db.update("Book", values, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case BOOK_ITEM:
String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
updateRows = db.update("Book", values, "id = ?", new String[]{bookId});
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
updateRows = db.update("Category", values, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
updateRows = db.update("Category", values, "id = ?", new String[]{categoryId});
break;
default:
break;
}
return updateRows;
}
}