PAT - 甲级 - 1110. Complete Binary Tree (25) （判断完全二叉树+建树）

题目描述：

Given a tree, you are supposed to tell if it is a complete binary tree.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (<=20) which is the total number of nodes in the tree -- and hence the nodes are numbered from 0 to N-1. Then N lines follow, each corresponds to a node, and gives the indices of the left and right children of the node. If the child does not exist, a "-" will be put at the position. Any pair of children are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each case, print in one line "YES" and the index of the last node if the tree is a complete binary tree, or "NO" and the index of the root if not. There must be exactly one space separating the word and the number.

Sample Input 1:

9
7 8
- -
- -
- -
0 1
2 3
4 5
- -
- -

Sample Output 1:

YES 8

Sample Input 2:

8
- -
4 5
0 6
- -
2 3
- 7
- -
- -

Sample Output 2:

NO 1

题目思路：

大概意思：题目给出了n个，并分别给出了n个结点的左右孩子。题目要求判断该树是否是完全二叉树。如果是，输出YES和最后一个结点的编号，否则输出NO并且输出根节点的编号。

用结构体v[i].l和v[i].r分别表示i结点的左孩子和右孩子，并且对孩子结点标记。dfs搜索所有的结点一遍，没有被标记的结点便是根节点。

找到根节点后，我们可以层次遍历整棵树，如果搜索到孩子结点为-1的情况，则比较当前位置的编号和n的关系。如果相等，则是完全二叉树，否则不是。

题目代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
int n, temp, cnt, lastnode, root;
string s1, s2;
// 树 
struct Tree{
	int l,r;
};

int main(){
	cin>>n;
	vector<Tree>v(n); // 用来存放树 
	vector<int>m(n);

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cin>>s1>>s2;
		if(s1[0] != '-'){
			temp = s1[0] - '0';
			if(s1.length() == 2){
				temp = s1[1] - '0' + temp * 10;
			}
			v[i].l = temp; // lc

		}else{
			v[i].l = -1;
		}
		
		if(s2[0] != '-'){
			temp = s2[0] - '0';
			if(s2.length() == 2){
				temp = s2[1] - '0' + temp * 10;
			}
			v[i].r = temp; // rc 
		}else{
			v[i].r = -1;
		}
		// m[i] i不能是负数 否则会异常退出 
		if(v[i].l != -1)
			m[v[i].l] = 1;
		if(v[i].r != -1)
			m[v[i].r] = 1;
	}
	// 寻找根节点 
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		if(m[i] == 0){
			root = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	// 层次遍历 
	queue<int>q;
	cnt = 0; lastnode = 0; 
	q.push(root);
	while(!q.empty()){
		int node = q.front();
		if(node != -1){
			cnt++;
			lastnode = node;
		}else{
			if(cnt == n)
				printf("YES %d\n",lastnode);
			else
				printf("NO %d\n",root);
			break;
		}
		q.push(v[node].l);
		q.push(v[node].r);
		q.pop();
	}
	
	return 0;
}