第一步:最简单的函数,准备附加额外功能
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '' '''示例1:最简单的函数,表示调用了两次'''
- def myfunc():
- print("myfunc() called.")
- myfunc()
- myfunc()
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''示例2: 替换函数(装饰)
- 装饰函数的参数是被装饰的函数对象,返回原函数对象
- 装饰的实质语句: myfunc = deco(myfunc)'''
- def deco(func):
- print("before myfunc() called.")
- func()
- print(" after myfunc() called.")
- return func
- def myfunc():
- print(" myfunc() called.")
- myfunc = deco(myfunc)
- myfunc()
- myfunc()
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''示例3: 使用语法糖@来装饰函数,相当于“myfunc = deco(myfunc)”
- 但发现新函数只在第一次被调用,且原函数多调用了一次'''
- def deco(func):
- print("before myfunc() called.")
- func()
- print(" after myfunc() called.")
- return func
- @deco
- def myfunc():
- print(" myfunc() called.")
- myfunc()
- myfunc()
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''示例4: 使用内嵌包装函数来确保每次新函数都被调用,
- 内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同,装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''
- def deco(func):
- def _deco():
- print("before myfunc() called.")
- func()
- print(" after myfunc() called.")
- # 不需要返回func,实际上应返回原函数的返回值
- return _deco
- @deco
- def myfunc():
- print(" myfunc() called.")
- return 'ok'
- myfunc()
- myfunc()
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''示例5: 对带参数的函数进行装饰,
- 内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同,装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''
- def deco(func):
- def _deco(a, b):
- print("before myfunc() called.")
- ret = func(a, b)
- print(" after myfunc() called. result: %s" % ret)
- return ret
- return _deco
- @deco
- def myfunc(a, b):
- print(" myfunc(%s,%s) called." % (a, b))
- return a + b
- myfunc(1, 2)
- myfunc(3, 4)
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''示例6: 对参数数量不确定的函数进行装饰,
- 参数用(*args, **kwargs),自动适应变参和命名参数'''
- def deco(func):
- def _deco(*args, **kwargs):
- print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
- ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
- print(" after %s called. result: %s" % (func.__name__, ret))
- return ret
- return _deco
- @deco
- def myfunc(a, b):
- print(" myfunc(%s,%s) called." % (a, b))
- return a+b
- @deco
- def myfunc2(a, b, c):
- print(" myfunc2(%s,%s,%s) called." % (a, b, c))
- return a+b+c
- myfunc(1, 2)
- myfunc(3, 4)
- myfunc2(1, 2, 3)
- myfunc2(3, 4, 5)
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''示例7: 在示例4的基础上,让装饰器带参数,
- 和上一示例相比在外层多了一层包装。
- 装饰函数名实际上应更有意义些'''
- def deco(arg):
- def _deco(func):
- def __deco():
- print("before %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
- func()
- print(" after %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
- return __deco
- return _deco
- @deco("mymodule")
- def myfunc():
- print(" myfunc() called.")
- @deco("module2")
- def myfunc2():
- print(" myfunc2() called.")
- myfunc()
- myfunc2()
第八步:让装饰器带 类 参数
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''示例8: 装饰器带类参数'''
- class locker:
- def __init__(self):
- print("locker.__init__() should be not called.")
- @staticmethod
- def acquire():
- print("locker.acquire() called.(这是静态方法)")
- @staticmethod
- def release():
- print(" locker.release() called.(不需要对象实例)")
- def deco(cls):
- '''''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''
- def _deco(func):
- def __deco():
- print("before %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, cls))
- cls.acquire()
- try:
- return func()
- finally:
- cls.release()
- return __deco
- return _deco
- @deco(locker)
- def myfunc():
- print(" myfunc() called.")
- myfunc()
- myfunc()
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '''''mylocker.py: 公共类 for 示例9.py'''
- class mylocker:
- def __init__(self):
- print("mylocker.__init__() called.")
- @staticmethod
- def acquire():
- print("mylocker.acquire() called.")
- @staticmethod
- def unlock():
- print(" mylocker.unlock() called.")
- class lockerex(mylocker):
- @staticmethod
- def acquire():
- print("lockerex.acquire() called.")
- @staticmethod
- def unlock():
- print(" lockerex.unlock() called.")
- def lockhelper(cls):
- '''''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''
- def _deco(func):
- def __deco(* args,** kwargs):
- print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
- cls.acquire()
- try:
- return func(* args,** kwargs)
- finally:
- cls .unlock()
- return __deco
- return _deco
- # - * - coding:gbk - * -
- '' '''示例9:装饰器带类参数,并分拆公共类到其他py文件中
- 同时演示了一个函数应用多个装饰器'''
- 从 mylocker 导入 *
- 类 示例:
- @lockhelper (mylocker)
- def myfunc(self ):
- print(" myfunc() called.")
- @lockhelper (mylocker)
- @lockhelper (lockerex)
- def myfunc2(self ,a,b):
- print(" myfunc2() called.")
- return a + b
- if __name __ == “ __main__ ” :
- a = example()
- a.myfunc()
- print (a.myfunc())
- 打印(a.myfunc2(1 , 2 ))
- 打印(a.myfunc2(3 , 4 ))