spring cloud-eureka

在spring cloud简介中，我们了解到netflix eureka负责云端负载均衡，用于服务注册与发现。
eureka服务注册与发现调用流程如下：

eureka与zookpeeper都是服务注册与发现组件，因为eureka与spring cloud集成更高，所以我们用eureka举例讲解。
首先我们创建一个eureka server项目microservice-discovery-eureka，然后创建一个服务提供项目microservice-provider-user和一个服务消费项目microservice-consumer-movie。
microservice-provider-user和microservice-consumer-movie都为eureka client，需要先将服务注册到eureka server才可以完成服务调用。
创建eureka server项目非常的方便，我们在application.yml声明相关配置信息：

security:
  basic:
    enabled: true
  user:
    name: user
    password: password123
server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka

其次在main启动程序加上@EnableEurekaServer注解，这样eureka server项目便创建好了。

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
  }
}

对于服务提供方microservice-provider-user，我们也需要在application.yml声明服务相关的配置：

server:
  port: 7900
spring:
  jpa:
    generate-ddl: false
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: none
  datasource:
    platform: h2
    schema: classpath:schema.sql
    data: classpath:data.sql
  application:
    name: microservice-provider-user
logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    org.hibernate: INFO
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE
    com.itmuch: DEBUG
eureka:
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
    metadata-map:
      zone: ABC      # eureka可以理解的元数据
      lilizhou: BBC  # 不会影响客户端行为
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5

其次在main启动程序加上@EnableEurekaClient注解，声明为eureka client项目：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication.class, args);
  }
}

最后我们在Controller加上接口调用注解，启动main函数，服务提供方项目便可以提供接口服务。

@RestController
public class UserController {

  @Autowired
  private UserRepository userRepository;

  @GetMapping("/simple/{id}")
  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
    return this.userRepository.findOne(id);
  }
}

对于服务消费方microservice-consumer-movie，我们也需要在application.yml声明服务相关的配置：

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-consumer-movie
server:
  port: 7901
user: 
  userServicePath: http://localhost:7900/simple/
eureka:
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true

其次在main启动程序加上@EnableEurekaClient注解，声明为eureka client项目：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class MicroserviceSimpleConsumerMovieApplication {

  @Bean
  public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleConsumerMovieApplication.class, args);
  }
}

最后演示如何在服务消费方调用服务提供方的服务：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;

@RestController
public class MovieController {
  @Autowired
  private RestTemplate restTemplate;

  @Value("${user.userServicePath}")
  private String userServicePath;

  @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")
  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
    return this.restTemplate.getForObject(this.userServicePath + id, User.class);
  }
}

http接口的开发与调用案例可以参考：http接口开发与调用案例。
到此，我们使用eureka完成了服务的注册、发现与调用。
下篇文章我们讲解如何使用spring cloud的ribbon组件提供服务高可用功能，敬请关注。