View在Android开发过程中是经常要打交道的东西，而重写View则又是一个合格码农必备的技能之一，今天就简单介绍小View的绘制原理。深入了解可以参考以下博客：【工匠若水 http://blog.csdn.net/yanbober 转载烦请注明出处，尊重分享成果】
Android中任何一个控件或布局都是直接或间接继承View实现的，这些View应该具有相同的绘制流程和机制才能显示到手机屏幕上（因为它们具有相同的父类View），经过总结每个View都要经历一下三个最主要的过程：measure、layout和draw。
那么一个View的绘制是从什么地方开始的呢，以上这三个方法又是在什么时候调用的呢？这就涉及到ViewRootImpl这个类了。在ViewRootImpl这个类的performTraversals()方法中该函数做的执行过程主要是根据之前设置的状态，判断是否重新计算视图大小(measure)、是否重新放置视图的位置(layout)、以及是否重绘 (draw)，其核心也就是通过判断来选择顺序执行这三个方法中的哪个，如下：
private void performTraversals() {
......
//最外层的根视图的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec由来
//lp.width和lp.height在创建ViewGroup实例时等于MATCH_PARENT
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
......
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
......
mView.layout(0, 0, mView.getMeasuredWidth(), mView.getMeasuredHeight());
......
mView.draw(canvas);
......
}
/**
* Figures out the measure spec for the root view in a window based on it's
* layout params.
*
* @param windowSize
* The available width or height of the window
*
* @param rootDimension
* The layout params for one dimension (width or height) of the
* window.
*
* @return The measure spec to use to measure the root view.
*/
private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
......
}
return measureSpec;
}
getRootMeasureSpec(
int windowSize,
int rootDimension)这个函数有什么作用呢？根据源码的注释，他是根据布局参数来测量RootView的。上面传入参数后这个函数走的是MATCH_PARENT，使用MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec方法组装一个MeasureSpec，MeasureSpec的specMode等于EXACTLY，specSize等于windowSize，也就是为何根视图总是全屏的原因。
上面的performTraversals()方法中的mView指的就是View对象，如下就是View这个绘制流程的大致流程图：
![]()
下面进行详细讲解：
1、View的measure过程见下图：
看完上面的流程图后，看看View的源码中的measrue方法：
/**
* <p>
* This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent
* supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* The actual measurement work of a view is performed in
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)}, called by this method. Therefore, only
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} can and must be overridden by subclasses.
* </p>
*
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
* @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
*
* @see #onMeasure(int, int)
*/
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int oWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int oHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec, optical ? -oWidth : oWidth);
heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
}
// Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ||
widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
// first clears the measured dimension flag
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();
int cacheIndex = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ? -1 :
mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
<span style="color:#33ff33;">onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);</span>
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
} else {
long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);
// Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed
setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
// flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
// an exception to warn the developer
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
throw new IllegalStateException("View with id " + getId() + ": "
+ getClass().getName() + "#onMeasure() did not set the"
+ " measured dimension by calling"
+ " setMeasuredDimension()");
}
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
}
mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |
(long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension
}
注意该方法是final的，所以不能重写该方法，在关注下上面高亮显示的那一行代码，可见measrue中是调用了onMeasure()方法的。实际上measrue并没有做什么真正的测量工作，真正的测量工作是在onMeasure中进行的。那么我慢就来看看onMeasure()方法的定义：
/**
* <p>
<span style="color:#ff0000;">* Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the
* measured height. This method is invoked by {@link #measure(int, int)} and
* should be overridden by subclasses to provide accurate and efficient
* measurement of their contents.</span>
* </p>
*
* <p>
* <strong>CONTRACT:</strong> When overriding this method, you
* <em>must</em> call {@link #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)} to store the
* measured width and height of this view. Failure to do so will trigger an
* <code>IllegalStateException</code>, thrown by
* {@link #measure(int, int)}. Calling the superclass'
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} is a valid use.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* The base class implementation of measure defaults to the background size,
* unless a larger size is allowed by the MeasureSpec. Subclasses should
* override {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to provide better measurements of
* their content.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* If this method is overridden, it is the subclass's responsibility to make
* sure the measured height and width are at least the view's minimum height
* and width ({@link #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()} and
* {@link #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()}).
* </p>
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
* @param heightMeasureSpec vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
*
* @see #getMeasuredWidth()
* @see #getMeasuredHeight()
* @see #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)
* @see #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()
* @see #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
* @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getMode(int)
* @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getSize(int)
*/
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
红色部分的注释向我们说明了该方法的作用及具体使用时要注意的问题。
对于非ViewGroup的View而言，通过调用上面默认的onMeasure即可完成View的测量，当然你也可以重载onMeasure并调用setMeasuredDimension来设置任意大小的布局，但一般不这么做，因为这种做法不太好，至于为何不好，后面分析完你就明白了。
我们可以看见onMeasure默认的实现仅仅调用了setMeasuredDimension，setMeasuredDimension函数是一个很关键的函数，它对View的成员变量mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight变量赋值，measure的主要目的就是对View树中的每个View的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight进行赋值，所以一旦这两个变量被赋值意味着该View的测量工作结束。既然这样那我们就看看设置的默认尺寸大小吧，可以看见setMeasuredDimension传入的参数都是通过getDefaultSize返回的，所以再来看下getDefaultSize方法源码，如下：
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getDefaultSize</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> size, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> measureSpec) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> result = size;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//通过MeasureSpec解析获取mode与size</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">switch</span> (specMode) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> result;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>
看见没有，如果specMode等于AT_MOST或EXACTLY就返回specSize，这就是系统默认的规格。
回过头继续看上面onMeasure方法，其中getDefaultSize参数的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec都是由父View传递进来的。getSuggestedMinimumWidth与getSuggestedMinimumHeight都是View的方法，具体如下：
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getSuggestedMinimumWidth</span>() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> (mBackground == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getSuggestedMinimumHeight</span>() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> (mBackground == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
看见没有，建议的最小宽度和高度都是由View的Background尺寸与通过设置View的miniXXX属性共同决定的。
到此一次最基础的元素View的measure过程就完成了。上面说了View实际是嵌套的，而且measure是递归传递的，所以每个View都需要measure。实际能够嵌套的View一般都是ViewGroup的子类，所以在ViewGroup中定义了measureChildren, measureChild, measureChildWithMargins方法来对子视图进行测量，measureChildren内部实质只是循环调用measureChild，measureChild和measureChildWithMargins的区别就是是否把margin和padding也作为子视图的大小。如下我们以ViewGroup中稍微复杂的measureChildWithMargins方法来分析：
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**
* Ask one of the children of this view to measure itself, taking into
* account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding
* and margins. The child must have MarginLayoutParams The heavy lifting is
* done in getChildMeasureSpec.
*
*<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @param</span> child The child to measure
*<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @param</span> parentWidthMeasureSpec The width requirements for this view
*<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @param</span> widthUsed Extra space that has been used up by the parent
* horizontally (possibly by other children of the parent)
*<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @param</span> parentHeightMeasureSpec The height requirements for this view
*<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @param</span> heightUsed Extra space that has been used up by the parent
* vertically (possibly by other children of the parent)
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">measureChildWithMargins</span>(View child,
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> parentWidthMeasureSpec, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> widthUsed,
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> parentHeightMeasureSpec, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> heightUsed) {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获取子视图的LayoutParams</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//调整MeasureSpec</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//通过这两个参数以及子视图本身的LayoutParams来共同决定子视图的测量规格</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//调运子View的measure方法，子View的measure中会回调子View的onMeasure方法</span>
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul>
关于该方法的参数等说明注释已经描述的够清楚了。该方法就是对父视图提供的measureSpec参数结合自身的LayoutParams参数进行了调整，然后再来调用child.measure()方法，具体通过方法getChildMeasureSpec来进行参数调整。所以我们继续看下getChildMeasureSpec方法代码，如下：
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getChildMeasureSpec</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> spec, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> padding, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> childDimension) {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获取当前Parent View的Mode和Size</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获取Parent size与padding差值（也就是Parent剩余大小），若差值小于0直接返回0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> size = Math.max(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, specSize - padding);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义返回值存储变量</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> resultSize = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> resultMode = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//依据当前Parent的Mode进行switch分支逻辑</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">switch</span> (specMode) {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Parent has imposed an exact size on us</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//默认Root View的Mode就是EXACTLY</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (childDimension >= <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果child的layout_wOrh属性在xml或者java中给予具体大于等于0的数值</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置child的size为真实layout_wOrh属性值，mode为EXACTLY</span>
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果child的layout_wOrh属性在xml或者java中给予MATCH_PARENT</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Child wants to be our size. So be it.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置child的size为size，mode为EXACTLY</span>
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果child的layout_wOrh属性在xml或者java中给予WRAP_CONTENT</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置child的size为size，mode为AT_MOST</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// bigger than us.</span>
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
......
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//其他Mode分支类似</span>
}
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//将mode与size通过MeasureSpec方法整合为32位整数返回</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li></ul>
可以看见，getChildMeasureSpec的逻辑是通过其父View提供的MeasureSpec参数得到specMode和specSize，然后根据计算出来的specMode以及子View的childDimension（layout_width或layout_height）来计算自身的measureSpec，如果其本身包含子视图，则计算出来的measureSpec将作为调用其子视图measure函数的参数，同时也作为自身调用setMeasuredDimension的参数，如果其不包含子视图则默认情况下最终会调用onMeasure的默认实现，并最终调用到setMeasuredDimension。
所以可以看见onMeasure的参数其实就是这么计算出来的。同时从上面的分析可以看出来，最终决定View的measure大小是View的setMeasuredDimension方法，所以我们可以通过setMeasuredDimension设定死值来设置View的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight的大小，但是一个好的自定义View应该会根据子视图的measureSpec来设置mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight的大小，这样的灵活性更大，所以这也就是上面分析onMeasure时说View的onMeasure最好不要重写死值的原因。
可以看见当通过setMeasuredDimension方法最终设置完成View的measure之后View的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight成员才会有具体的数值，所以如果我们自定义的View或者使用现成的View想通过getMeasuredWidth()和getMeasuredHeight()方法来获取View测量的宽高，必须保证这两个方法在onMeasure流程之后被调用才能返回有效值。
Measure原理总结
通过上面分析可以看出measure过程主要就是从顶层父View向子View递归调用view.measure方法（measure中又回调onMeasure方法）的过程。具体measure核心主要有如下几点：
- MeasureSpec（View的内部类）测量规格为int型，值由高16位规格模式specMode和低16位具体尺寸specSize组成。其中specMode只有三种值：
<code class="language-txt hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">MeasureSpec.EXACTLY <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//确定模式，父View希望子View的大小是确定的，由specSize决定；</span>
MeasureSpec.AT_MOST <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//最多模式，父View希望子View的大小最多是specSize指定的值；</span>
MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//未指定模式，父View完全依据子View的设计值来决定； </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
-
View的measure方法是final的，不允许重载，View子类只能重载onMeasure来完成自己的测量逻辑。
-
最顶层DecorView测量时的MeasureSpec是由ViewRootImpl中getRootMeasureSpec方法确定的（LayoutParams宽高参数均为MATCH_PARENT，specMode是EXACTLY，specSize为物理屏幕大小）。
-
ViewGroup类提供了measureChild，measureChild和measureChildWithMargins方法，简化了父子View的尺寸计算。
-
只要是ViewGroup的子类就必须要求LayoutParams继承子MarginLayoutParams，否则无法使用layout_margin参数。
-
View的布局大小由父View和子View共同决定。
-
使用View的getMeasuredWidth()和getMeasuredHeight()方法来获取View测量的宽高，必须保证这两个方法在onMeasure流程之后被调用才能返回有效值。
本文深入探讨Android中View的测量原理，从顶层父View到子View的递归调用，解析MeasureSpec的使用，以及如何在自定义View中灵活设置测量逻辑。
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