Overview of Installing Oracle Database Software and Creating a Database

Overview of Installing Oracle Database Software and Creating a Database

To install your Oracle Database software, use Oracle Universal Installer (OUI). OUI is a graphical user interface utility that enables you to view the Oracle Database software that is already installed on your computer, install new Oracle Database software, and deinstall Oracle Database software that you no longer intend to use. Online Help is available to guide you through the installation process.
要安装oracle软件，可以用OUI（Oracle Universal Installer），OUI是一个用户图形化工具，既可以用它查看已经安装在你的机器上的oracle软件，也可以安装新的oracle软件，还可以在你不想用oracle的时候把它卸载掉。在线帮助已经为你做好了引导你执行安装步骤的准备。

During the installation process, you are given the opportunity to create a database. If you choose to do so, OUI automatically starts Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to guide you through the process of creating and configuring a database.
在安装进程中，你可以选择安装一个数据库，OUI自动的启动DBCA（Oracle Database Configuration Assistant）来引导你安装和配置数据库。

If you do not create a database during installation, then you must run DBCA at some point after installation to create a database.
如果没选安装数据库的话，就只好在安装完oracle软件执行DBCA命令了。

Note:

After you create a database, either during installation or as a standalone operation, you do not need to create another. Each Oracle instance works with a single database only. Rather than requiring that you to create multiple databases to accommodate different applications, Oracle Database uses a single database, and accommodates multiple applications by enabling you to separate data into different schemas within the single database. See "About User Accounts" for more information about schemas.
如果建好了一个数据库，无论是在安装软件的过程中，还是独立执行DBCA命令，都不需要再创建其它的数据库了，每个oracle实例只对应一个数据库，而不是需要你为不同的应用创建多个数据库，oracle数据库用一个数据库与多个应用配合，你可以把不同的数据分到不同的模式中，然后这些不同的模式属于一个数据库。想知道关于模式的更多信息请参考 "About User Accounts"

Checking Prerequisites

Before installing the software, OUI performs a number of automated checks to ensure that your computer fulfills the basic hardware and software requirements for an Oracle Database installation. If your computer does not meet a requirement, an error message is displayed. The requirements may vary depending upon the type of computer and operating system you are running, but some prerequisites include:
在安装软件之前，想安装oracle软件，你的计算机无论从硬件还是软件都要满足安装的最低需求，OUI为了确保你的计算机能够成功的安装oracle软件，会自动的做一系列的检查。如果你的机器不满足最低配置，会给你弹出来个错。这个最低需求会因计算机类型不同和操作系统的不同而不同，下面是一些必要条件：

• There is a minimum of 512 MB (Microsoft Windows or Linux) or 1 GB (UNIX and other operating systems) of physical memory.
  Windows或者linux操作系统最少需要512M的物理内存，而UNIX或者其它操作系统至少需要1G的物理内存

• Sufficient paging space is available.
  要有足够的内存分页空间。

• The appropriate service packs or patches for your operating system are installed.
  必备的服务和补丁要预先安装好。

• An appropriate file system format is being used.
  应用的文件系统格式要合适。

OUI automatically sets any operating system environment variables that Oracle Database requires for its operation.
OUI会自动地在对应的操作系统上设备系统环境变量。

See Also:

• Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform for more information about exact requirements

Installation Choices

Oracle Universal Installer guides you through an interview phase where you specify your choices for installation and database creation. The exact sequence of steps depends on your operating system.
OUI

The installation options are divided into basic and advanced. During a basic installation, you need to make only basic choices. For all other cases, you make both basic and advanced choices.
安装选项分为基础和高级，在基础安装中只需要勾选几个基础的选项。在其它的情况下，基础和高级选项都可以选

Basic Installation

When you install Oracle Database during basic and advanced installations, you need answers for the questions listed in this section. OUI provides default values for every choice.
当你安装基础和高级的安装步骤时，你需要对以下的问题给出答案，OUI已经为它们给出了默认值。

• What database product do you want to install?
  你想安装哪个数据库产品？

  You can install one of the following:
  可以安装如下产品：

  • Enterprise Edition—This installation type is the full-featured Oracle Database product that provides data management for enterprise-level applications. It is intended for mission-critical, high-security online transaction processing (OLTP) and data warehousing environments.
    Enterprise Edition—这款安装类型是oracle数据库产品的完全安装，提供了企业级的数据管理，并且支持紧急任务的、高安全性的在线事务处理和数据存储环境。

  • Standard Edition—This installation type is suitable for workgroup or department-level applications, and for small to medium-sized enterprises. It provides core relational database management services and options.
    Standard Edition—这款安装类型适合工作组或者部门级别的应用，也适合中小型企业。提供关系数据库的核心管理服务和其它一些安装选项。

  • Personal Edition (Microsoft Windows operating systems only)—This installation type installs the same software as the Enterprise Edition, but supports only a single-user, development and deployment environment.
    Personal Edition(只针对Windows操作系统)—这款安装类型与企业级软件安装的完全一样。

  • Custom Install—This installation type enables you to customize the Enterprise Edition. Use Custom Install to add a component to your existing installation that would not usually be installed, or to prevent certain components from being installed.
    Custom Install—这款安装类型可以让你定制企业版本。用定制安装为已安装的环境添加些不常用的组件，或者因个人需要拒绝安装较常用的组件。

• Do you want to create a database in addition to installing the Oracle Database software?
  你想不安装oracle数据库软件就安装数据库吗？

  You can install a preconfigured database or a custom-configured database.
  可以安装一个预先配置的数据库，或者是一个定制配置的数据库。

  Preconfigured databases are based on templates that Oracle provides or that you create. Each Oracle-provided template is optimized for a particular workload type. See Table 2-2, "Oracle-Provided DBCA Templates and Their Corresponding Workloads" for information about the types of preconfigured databases.
  预先配置的数据库基于oracle公司为你提供的数据库模版，也可以基于你自己创建的数据库模版。每个oracle公司提供的数据库模版对特殊的工作类型都做了优化处理。关于预先配置的数据库模版请参考 Table 2-2, "Oracle-Provided DBCA Templates and Their Corresponding Workloads"

  To create a custom database in which you configure your own database structure, see "Advanced Installation".
  想在定制的数据库里配置自己的数据库结构请看 "Advanced Installation"。

  
  

  Note: If you need to create a new database, Oracle recommends that you install a preconfigured database, which is faster and easier. You can customize the database after it has been created. 如果你需要建一个新的数据库，Oralce建议您安装一个预先配置的数据库，既快又简单。你可以在创建好了预配置数据库之后再定制它。

  
  

• What are your database configuration options?
  数据库的配置选项是什么？

  These options include your global database name and system identifier (SID), whether or not you want the sample schemas installed, and the passwords for the administrative accounts. The SID is a unique identifier that is used to distinguish this instance from other Oracle Database instances that you may create later and run concurrently on your system.
  这些选项包括全局数据库名及SID（系统标识），无论你是否想安装样例模式，也无论你是否给管理员账户设置了密码。SID是数据库实例唯一的标识，以区别你后续在此环境中安装的其它数据库实例。

  The global database name is the full name of the database that uniquely distinguishes it from any other database. The global database name is in the form database_name.database_domain, for example sales.example.com. The database name portion sales is a simple name you call your database. The database domain portion example.com specifies the database domain in which the database is located. Together, the database name and domain make up the global database name.
  全局数据库名是一个数据库的完整的名字，区别于其它数据库。数据库名.数据库域名是全局数据库名的格式，例如sales.example.com。数据库名（sales）是你的数据库名的简称。数据库域名（example.com）指定了你的数据库所在的域。数据库名和数据库域名和在一起组成了全局数据库名。

  During basic installation, Oracle Database automatically installs the sample schemas.
  在基本安装中，oracle数据库自动安装了些样例模式。

  You will also be prompted to enter the desired passwords for the SYS and SYSTEM accounts, which enable you to manage and administer the database.
  也将会提示你输入SYS用户和SYSTEM用户的密码，这样会更好的管理你的数据库。

Advanced Installation
高级安装

During advanced installations, you are prompted to make the choices listed in this section, in addition to the basic options. The installation process provides default values for every choice.
在高级安装中，除了基本安装步骤中的一些选项外，还有些其它选项列在下面，安装过程中每一个选项都提供了默认值。

The advanced installation choices are described, but the advanced installation steps are not documented in this chapter. For more information, see Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform.
高级安装选项会在这里说，而高级安装的步骤不会在这里详述，想得知更多信息请针对你的环境查看Oracle Database Installation Guide。

During an advanced installation, you are asked the following questions:
在高级安装过程中，如下问题待你给出答案：

• Install the sample schemas?
  是否安装样例模式？

  To complete the exercises in this guide and related course material, you must install the sample schemas. This data is also used in most examples throughout Oracle Database documentation. Oracle recommends that you install the sample schemas.
  要想完成本导航和相关学习材料里的练习，你必须安装这些样例模式。这些东西在oracle数据库文档中的很多例子中都用到了，oracle建议你安装这些样例模式。

  This choice is a configuration option only during advanced installation. The default is No for this option with the advanced installation. However, sample schemas are installed by default during basic installation.
  这个选项是高级安装中的配置选项，默认值是“不安装”，然后在基本安装过程中样例模式是默认“安装”的。

• What kind of storage mechanism do you want your database to use?
  你的数据库用哪种类型的存储机制？

  A database includes several files that store the user data, database metadata, and information required to recover from failures. As an administrator, you decide what kind of storage subsystem to use for these files. You can select from the following options:
  一个数据库包括一些文件，这些文件存储着用户数据，数据库的元数据和恢复数据库的一些信息。做为管理员，需要决定这些文件要放在什么样的存储系统上。可以通过下面的选项来选择：

  • File System—This default option creates database files that are managed by the file system of your operating system. You can specify the directory path where database files are to be stored. Oracle Database can create and manage the actual files.
    文件系统——默认是用你的操作系统的文件系统来管理你的数据库。可以指定文件路径来存放数据库文件，oracle可以创建和管理真实的文件。

    If you are not certain about which option to use, select File System (the default).
    如果你决定不了用哪个就选择文件系统这个默认项好了。

  • Automatic Storage Management—This option enables you to define pools of storage called disk groups, in which Oracle Database automatically manages database file placement and naming. For environments with a large number of disks, this option simplifies database administration and maximizes performance. Automatic Storage Management (ASM) performs software striping and mirroring at the file level for maximum storage flexibility, performance, and availability.
    ASM（自动存储管理）——这个选项可以让你定义一个叫做磁盘组的存储池，这池中oracle数据库自动管理数据库文件的位置及命名。如果磁盘很大的话，这个选项可以简化数据库的管理并且还能优化数据库的执行。

    ASM uses an ASM instance, which is distinct from the database instance, to configure and manage disk groups. OUI guides you through the creation and starting of an ASM instance and its components. For more information, see "About Automatic Storage Management" and Oracle Database Storage Administrator's Guide.
    ASM用一个ASM实例，与数据库实例不同，它是用来管理和配置磁盘组的。OUI会引导你创建和启动一个ASM实例及其组件。更多信息请见"About Automatic Storage Management"和Oracle Database Storage Administrator's Guide。

  • Raw Devices—This option enables you to manage your storage devices outside of the operating system file system by providing Oracle Database with unformatted physical disk space called raw devices. This method is primarily used in Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) environments. If you select this option, ensure that the raw devices were created with an operating system command, and that they are not being used for any other purpose or by other Oracle databases.
    裸设备——裸设备是没有格式化的物理磁盘空间，这个选项可以让你跳过操作系统的文件系统来管理你的存储设备。这个方法主要用在oracle的RAC（Real Application Clusters）环境。如果你选择了这个选项，确保这些裸设备是用一个操作系统命令创建的，并且没有其它oracle数据库直接或者间接的使用它们。

• What are your database management options?
  你的数据库管理选项是什么？

  You specify whether to manage your database centrally or locally using Oracle Enterprise Manager. Central management enables you to manage multiple targets, such as databases and application servers, using a single interface. Using local management you can manage only a single database instance at a time.
  你指定是否在中心或者是在本地用Oracle Enterprise Manager来管理你的数据库。中心管理可以让你用单独的接口管理多个目标，如数据库和应用服务。用本地管理你只能在同一时间管理一个数据库实例。

  If you want to use central management, it requires an Oracle Enterprise Management agent to exist on each host, or computer that has Oracle Database software installed on it. These agents are responsible for monitoring all components on that host. If an agent is not found on the local host, then this option is disabled during installation.
  如果你想用中心管理，要求在每个安装oracle数据库软件的主机或者计算机中都要有一个oracle企业管理的代理。代理负责管理那个主机上的所有组件。如果代理在本地主机上找不到了，那么这个选项在安装过程中是不可以选的。

  If you are setting up a single database for the first time, it is recommended that you configure local management with Oracle Enterprise Manager, which is the default. You can later install additional databases and configure central management using Enterprise Manager.
  如果你是第一次安装单独的数据库，建议你通过Oracle Enterprise Manager配置本地管理这个默认项，稍候你可以安装额外的数据库时，可以通过企业管理器配置中心管理。

At the end of the interview, a summary window displays the options that you chose, the requirements for space based on those options, and the components that will be installed. If you chose to install a database, then this step is performed immediately after the software installation is complete.
在最后，会出现一个窗口，概要的列出了你的选项、安装这些选项所需的空间以及要安装哪些组件，如果你选择安装数据库，那么安装这一步操作在软件安装完之后就结束了。